<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2024-17-4-18-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-1099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Информированность врачей по вопросам радиационной безопасности при проведении рентгеноэндоваскулярных диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Awareness of interventional radiologists about radiation protection in medical exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-5200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капырина</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapyrina</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капырина Юлия Николаевна – ассистент кафедры общей гигиены.</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya N. Kapyrina –Assistant of the Department of General Hygiene, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Litovskaya Str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapirina-yuliya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-2479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Библин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biblin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Библин Артем Михайлович – руководитель информационно-аналитического центра, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem M. Biblin – Head of the Information and Analytical Center, Senior Researcher, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-7535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водоватов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodovatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Водоватов Александр Валерьевич – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций, Санкт-Петербургский НИИРГ им. проф. П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; доцент кафедры общей гигиены, СПбГПМУ, МЗ РФ.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Vodovatov – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; docent, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-7561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссаров Михаил Игоревич – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения, врач по рентгенэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению.</p><p>Красногорск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Komissarov – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of X-ray Surgical Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment, doctor for X-ray endovascular diagnostics and treatment, Children's Clinical Center after Roshal L.M.</p><p>Moscow region, Krasnogorsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет, Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет, Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский клинический центр имени Л.М. Рошаля</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Leonid Roshal Children’s Clinical Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капырина Ю.Н., Библин А.М., Водоватов А.В., Комиссаров М.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капырина Ю.Н., Библин А.М., Водоватов А.В., Комиссаров М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kapyrina Y.N., Biblin A.M., Vodovatov A.V., Komissarov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1099">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1099</self-uri><abstract><p>Источники ионизирующего излучения являются неотъемлемой частью современного здравоохранения и широко используются в диагностических и терапевтических целях. Одним из ключевых аспектов безопасного использования ионизирующего излучения в медицине является грамотность врачей в вопросах радиационной безопасности. Целью настоящей работы является исследование уровня информированности врачей по рентгенэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению в Российской Федерации в вопросах радиационной безопасности. Исследование было проведено в виде анкетного опроса в сети Интернет. Ссылка на анкету распространялась в профильных сообществах врачей по рентгенэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению в социальных сетях. В анкетировании приняли участие 78 человек. Анкета состояла из 26 вопросов, 11 из которых были посвящены оценке уровня знаний о радиационной безопасности. Каждый вопрос касался одного из фундаментальных (необходимых) для понимания и применения в практике аспектов. Ни один из респондентов не смог ответить правильно на все вопросы о радиационной безопасности. Средний балл среди всех ответивших составил 6,1 при максимальном значении 11. Уровень знаний достоверно не зависит от стажа работы по специальности (р&gt;0,05). Наибольшие трудности вызвали вопросы о биологическом действии ионизирующего излучения. Принявшие участие в исследовании в основном оценили свои знания в области обеспечения радиационной безопасности как удовлетворительные (46,1%) или хорошие (33,3%). Самооценка уровня знаний достоверно не зависит от стажа работы по специальности (р&gt;0,05). В качестве предпочтительных источников информации о вопросах радиационной безопасности врачи отметили информационные ресурсы в сети интернет, научные конференции, учебные материалы и курсы повышения квалификации. К настоящему моменту какой-либо регулярно обновляемый единый информационный ресурс на русском языке отсутствует. Разработка такого ресурса является наиболее эффективным по соотношению затрат и выгод способом обеспечения и повышения информированности врачей по рентгенэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению в вопросах радиационной безопасности. Одновременно с этим необходимо повышать качество дополнительного профессионального образования по радиационной безопасности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sources of ionizing radiation are an integral part of modern healthcare and are widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. One of the key aspects of the safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine is the competence of medical professionals in the field of radiation protection. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of awareness and understanding of radiation protection among interventional radiologists in the Russian Federation. The research was conducted through an online survey. The link to the questionnaire was shared in communities of interventional radiologists in social networks. A total of 78 interventional radiologists participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions, 11 of which focused on assessing knowledge of radiation protection. Each question addressed a fundamental aspect essential for understanding and application in medical practice. None of the respondents answered all radiation protection questions correctly. The average score among all participants was 6.1 out of a maximum of 11. The level of knowledge did not significantly depend on years of professional experience (p&gt;0,05). The most challenging questions concerned the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Most participants assessed their knowledge of radiation safety as satisfactory (46,1%) or good (33,3%). Self-assessment of knowledge levels also did not significantly depend on professional experience (p&gt;0,05). As preferred sources of information on radiation safety, interventional radiologists identified online resources, scientific conferences, educational materials, and training courses. Currently, no regularly updated, unified information online resource in Russian is available. Developing such a resource represents the most cost-effective approach to ensuring and improving the awareness of interventional radiologists regarding radiation protection. Simultaneously, efforts should be directed toward enhancing the quality of training courses on radiation protection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врачи по рентгенэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению</kwd><kwd>информированность</kwd><kwd>радиационная безопасность</kwd><kwd>медицинское облучение</kwd><kwd>социологическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interventional radiologists</kwd><kwd>awareness</kwd><kwd>radiation protection</kwd><kwd>medical exposure</kwd><kwd>survey</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балонов М.И., Голиков В.Ю., Водоватов А.В. и др. Научные основы радиационной защиты в современной медицине, Том 1. Лучевая диагностика. Под ред. профессора М.И. Балонова. СПб.: НИИРГ имени проф. П.В. Рамзаева, 2019. Т. 1. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balonov MI, Golikov VYu, Vodovatov AV, Chipiga LA, Zvonova IA, Kalnitsky SA, et al. Scientific foundations of radiation protection in modern medicine. Volume 1. X-ray diagnostics. By edit. professor MI Balonov. Saint Petersburg: NIIRG named after prof. PV Ramzaev; 2019. Vol. 1. 320 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балонов М.И., Голиков В.Ю., Звонова И.А. и др. Современные уровни медицинского облучения в России // Радиационная гигиена. 2015. Т. 8, № 3. С. 67–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balonov MI, Golikov VYu, Zvonova IA, Kalnitsky SA, Repin VS, Sarycheva SS, et al. Current levels of medical exposures in Russia. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene. 2015;8(3): 67–79. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarycheva S., Golikov V., Kalnitsky S. Studies of patient doses in interventional radiological examinations // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2010. Vol. 139, № 1–3. P. 258–261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarycheva S, Golikov V, Kalnitsky S. Studies of patient doses in interventional radiological examinations. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2010;139(1–3): 258–261. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campanella F., Rossi L., Girolettiet E. et al. Are physicians aware enough of patient radiation protection? Results from a survey among physicians of Pavia District–Italy // BMC Health Services Research. 2017. Vol. 17, P. 1–6. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2358-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campanella F, Rossi L, Girolettiet E, Micheletti P, Buzzi F, Villani S. Are physicians aware enough of patient radiation protection? Results from a survey among physicians of Pavia District–Italy. BMC Health Services Research. 2017;17: 1–6. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2358-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merzenich H., Krille L., Hammer G. et al. Paediatric CT scan usage and referrals of children to computed tomography in Germany-a crosssectional survey of medical practice and awareness of radiation related health risks among physicians // BMC Health Services Research. 2012. Vol. 12. P. 1-7. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merzenich H, Krille L, Hammer G, Kaiser M, Yamashita S, Zeeb H. Paediatric CT scan usage and referrals of children to computed tomography in Germany-a crosssectional survey of medical practice and awareness of radiation related health risks among physicians. BMC Health Services Research. 2012;12: 1–7. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown N., Jones L. Knowledge of medical imaging radiation dose and risk among doctors // Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. 2013. Vol. 57, № 1. P. 8–14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2012.02469.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown N, Jones L. Knowledge of medical imaging radiation dose and risk among doctors. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. 2013;57(1): 8–14. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2358-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paolicchi F., Miniati F., Bastiani L. et al. Assessment of radiation protection awareness and knowledge about radiological examination doses among Italian radiographers // Insights into Imaging. 2016. Vol. 7. P. 233–242. DOI: 10.1007/s13244-015-0445-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paolicchi F, Miniati F, Bastiani L, Faggioni L, Ciaramella A, Creonti I, et al. Assessment of radiation protection awareness and knowledge about radiological examination doses among Italian radiographers. Insights into Imaging. 2016;7: 233–242. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2358-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ditkofsky N., Shekhani H. N., Cloutier M. et al. Ionizing radiation knowledge among emergency department providers // Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2016. Vol. 13, № 9. P. 1044–1049. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.03.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ditkofsky N, Shekhani HN, Cloutier M, Chen ZN, Zhang C, Hanna TN. Ionizing radiation knowledge among emergency department providers. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2016;13(9): 1044–1049. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.03.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brun A., Mor R.A., Bourrelly M. et al. Radiation protection for surgeons and anesthetists: practices and knowledge before and after training //Journal of Radiological Protection. 2018. Vol. 38, № 1. P. 175. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa9dbd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brun A, Mor RA, Bourrelly M, Dalivoust G, Gazazian G, Boufercha R, et al. Radiation protection for surgeons and anesthetists: practices and knowledge before and after training. Journal of Radiological Protection. 2018;38(91): 175. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa9dbd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baudin C., Vacquier B., Thin G. et al. Radiation protection in a cohort of healthcare workers: knowledge, attitude, practices, feelings and IR-exposure in French hospitals // Journal of Radiological Protection. 2024. Vol. 44, № 2. P. 021507. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad39f7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baudin C, Vacquier B, Thin G, Chenene L, Guersen J, Partarrieu I, et al. Radiation protection in a cohort of healthcare workers: knowledge, attitude, practices, feelings and IR-exposure in French hospitals. Journal of Radiological Protection. 2024;44(2): 021507. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad39f7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aras S., Tanzer I.O., Ikizceli T. A survey study of radiation protection awareness among radiology technicians in Mogadishu, Somalia // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2020. Vol. 192, № 1. P. 36–40. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aras S, Tanzer IO, Ikizceli T. A survey study of radiation protection awareness among radiology technicians in Mogadishu, Somalia. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2020;192(1): 36–40. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uthirapathy I., Dorairaj P., Ravi S., Somasundaram S. Knowledge and practice of radiation safety in the Catherization laboratory among Interventional Cardiologists–An online survey // Indian Heart Journal. 2022. Vol. 74, № 5. P. 420–423. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.08.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uthirapathy I, Dorairaj P, Ravi S, Somasundaram S. Knowledge and practice of radiation safety in the Catherization laboratory among Interventional Cardiologists–An online survey. Indian Heart Journal. 2022;74(5): 420–423. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.08.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa H., Vinhas H., Calé R. et al. A report on a survey among Portuguese Association of Interventional Cardiology associates regarding ionizing radiation protection practices in national interventional cath-labs // Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2024. Vol. 43, № 4. P. 177–185. DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2023.07.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa H, Vinhas H, Calé R, Pereira E, Santos J, Paulo G, et al. A report on a survey among Portuguese Association of Interventional Cardiology associates regarding ionizing radiation protection practices in national interventional cath-labs. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2024;43(4): 177– 185. DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2023.07.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose A., Uebel K., Rae W.I.D. Personal dosimeter utilisation among South African interventionalists // Journal of Radiological Protection. 2021. Vol. 41, № 2. P. 326. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abf950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose A, Uebel K, Rae WID. Personal dosimeter utilisation among South African interventionalists. Journal of Radiological Protection. 2021;41(2): 326. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abf950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Rourke M., Moore N., Young R. et al. An investigation into the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of radiation protection in interventional radiology and cardiac catheter-laboratories // Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. 2024. Vol. 55, № 3. P. 101440. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.101440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Rourke M, Moore N, Young R, Svetlic S, Bucknall H, McEntee MF, et al. An investigation into the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of radiation protection in interventional radiology and cardiac catheter-laboratories. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. 2024;55(3): 101440. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.101440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tefera E., Qureshi S.A., Gezmu A.M., Mazhani L. Radiation protection knowledge and practices in interventional cardiologists practicing in Africa: a cross sectional survey // Journal of Radiological Protection. 2020. Vol. 40, № 1. P. 311. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab5840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tefera E, Qureshi SA, Gezmu AM, Mazhani L. Radiation protection knowledge and practices in interventional cardiologists practicing in Africa: a cross sectional survey. Journal of Radiological Protection. 2020;40(1): 311. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab5840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elmorabit N., Marrakchi A., Chelh F.Z. et al. Knowledge and practices of interventional radiology staff regarding radiation protection // Multidisciplinary Reviews. 2025. Vol. 8, № 2. P. 2025062. DOI: 10.31893/multirev.2025062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elmorabit N, Marrakchi A, Chelh FZ, Zaizoune S, Azougagh M, Ennibi O. Knowledge and practices of interventional radiology staff regarding radiation protection. Multidisciplinary Reviews. 2025;8(2): 2025062. DOI: 10.31893/multirev.2025062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sebastião L.M., de Cássia Flôr R., Anderson T.J. The practice of radiation protection in an interventional neuroradiology service // Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho. 2023. Vol. 20, № 3. P. 430–437. DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2022-748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sebastião LM, de Cássia Flôr R, Anderson TJ. The practice of radiation protection in an interventional neuroradiology service. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho. 2023.20(3): 430–437. DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2022-748.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu X., Xie Y., Li H. et al. Awareness and preparedness level of medical workers for radiation and nuclear emergency response // Frontiers in Public Health. 2024. Vol. 12. P. 1410722. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu X, Xie Y, Li H, Wang X, Shi S, Yang Z, et al. Awareness and preparedness level of medical workers for radiation and nuclear emergency response. Frontiers in Public Health. 2024;12: 1410722. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Covello V., Sandman P. Solutions to an Environment in Peril. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press; 2001. Risk communication: evolution and revolution; P. 164–178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Covello V, Sandman P. Solutions to an Environment in Peril. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press; 2001. Risk communication: evolution and revolution; P. 164–178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freudenberg L.S., Beyer T. Subjective perception of radiation risk // Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2011. Vol. 52, № S2. P. 29S–35S. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.085720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freudenberg LS, Beyer T. Subjective perception of radiation risk. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2011;52(S2): 29S–35S. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.085720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
