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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2025-18-2-77-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-1154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преконцептивное облучение матерей: Обзор эпидемиологических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preconception exposure of mothers: The review of epidemiological research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1553-0963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснина</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnina</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соснина Светлана Фаридовна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела эпидемиологии </p><p>456783, Челябинская область, Озёрск, Озёрское шоссе </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana F. Sosnina – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Research Scientist at the Department of Epidemiology</p><p>Ozyorskoe shosse, 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, 456780 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosnina@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals federal research and clinical center of medical biophysics of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соснина С.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соснина С.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sosnina S.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1154">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1154</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор эпидемиологических исследований эффектов преконцептивного (до зачатия) радиационного воздействия на материнский организм. Освещены анатомо-физиологические особенности, влияющие на радиочувствительность и радиорезистентность женской репродуктивной системы. Отмечены биологические предпосылки, объясняющие различия в эффектах радиационного воздействия на человека и животных. На примере различных когорт описаны результаты опубликованных в открытой печати эпидемиологических оценок последствий преконцептивного облучения матерей для здоровья потомков. Проведен анализ исследований в когорте потомков жертв атомной бомбардировки в Японии; среди пострадавших от аварийных радиационных инцидентов и испытаний ядерного оружия; среди населения местностей с высоким уровнем естественного радиационного фона. Представлены результаты исследований среди потомков пациенток, подвергшихся терапевтическому и диагностическому облучению, и потомков матерей, контактирующих с источниками ионизирующих излучений на рабочем месте. Уделено внимание особенностям нормирования профессионального облучения в отношении женского персонала согласно международным и национальным подходам. В целом, показано, что, несмотря на обширный пласт эпидемиологических работ, на данный момент нет четкого представления об эффектах преконцептивного облучения матерей среди потомков. Итоги оценок последствий облучения матерей в преконцептивный период довольно противоречивы и, как правило, сопровождаются целым рядом неопределенностей. При проведении эпидемиологических исследований такого рода отмечаются следующие сложности: недостаточно подтвержденные медицинские исходы; использование первичных данных, основанных на анкетировании наблюдаемых; отсутствие детальной информации об индивидуальных параметрах облучения; малая статистическая мощность исследований и недостаточно длительный период наблюдения за исследуемой когортой. В этой связи показана необходимость дальнейшего анализа последствий облучения женского организма с детализацией коэффициентов риска неблагоприятных репродуктивных исходов. Отмечены перспективные направления эпидемиологического анализа эффектов преконцептивного облучения матерей. Описана возможность оценки эффектов пролонгированного преконцептивного радиационного воздействия на примере когорты работниц производственного объединения «Маяк», являющегося передовым в истории атомной отрасли в стране.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A review of epidemiological research of the effects of preconception (prior to conception) radiation exposure to a mother’s body was presented. The anatomical and physiological characteristics that affect radiosensitivity and radioresistance of female reproductive system were reported. Biological prerequisites accounting for different effects of radiation exposure to animals and humans were indicated. The results that were published in open access on epidemiological assessments of the effects of preconception exposure of mothers to the health of their offspring were described based on various cohorts as examples. Analysis of the research work was performed for the cohort of the offspring of atomic bomb survivors in Japan, among the offspring of the individuals affected by radiation accidents and nuclear weapon tests, among the population of the sites with high natural level of radiation. The results of research work among the offspring of female patients exposed to diagnostic and therapeutical radiation and of the offspring of the mothers who were in contact with ionizing radiation sources at workplaces were presented. A special attention was paid to specifics of standardization of occupational exposure of female personnel according to national and international approaches. Generally, it was demonstrated that despite a wide range of epidemiological research works there is still no clear understanding of the effects of preconception exposure of mothers to their offspring. The total results of the analysis of the effects of maternal exposure in preconception period are quite controversial and usually involve a range of uncertainties. In the course of such sort of epidemiological research the following difficulties are indicated: poor verification of medical outcomes, primary data based on questionnaire surveys, lack of detailed information on individual exposure parameters, low statistical power of research works and too short period of follow up of the cohort under research. For this reason, the necessity of further analysis of the effects of exposure of female body was indicated involving detailed risk coefficients of unfavorable reproductive outcomes. Prospective trends for epidemiological analysis of preconception exposure of mothers were indicated. Feasibility of assessment of long-term preconception radiation exposure was described based on the cohort of female workers of Mayak Production Association that is the leading atomic enterprise in the national history.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преконцептивное облучение</kwd><kwd>эффекты радиационного воздействия</kwd><kwd>потомки</kwd><kwd>материнский организм</kwd><kwd>яичники</kwd><kwd>наследуемые эффекты</kwd><kwd>производственное объединение «Маяк»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preconception irradiation</kwd><kwd>effects of radiation exposure</kwd><kwd>offspring</kwd><kwd>maternal organism</kwd><kwd>ovaries</kwd><kwd>heritable effects</kwd><kwd>Mayak Production Association</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Обзор выполнен в рамках прикладной научноисследовательской работы «Техногенное облучение и его отдаленные медицинские последствия» (шифр «Последствия-25») на основании Федеральной целевой программы «Обеспечение ядерной и радиационной безопасности на 2016-2020 годы и на период до 2035 года»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The review was carried out within the framework of the applied research work "Technogenic radiation and its long-term medical consequences" (code "Consequences- 25") on the basis of the Federal Target Program "Ensuring Nuclear and Radiation Safety for 2016-2020 and for the period up to 2035.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. 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