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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2025-18-3-36-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-1199</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика частоты нестабильных хромосомных обменов в лимфоцитах у жителей Уральского региона, подвергшихся хроническому радиационному воздействию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of the frequency of unstable chromosome exchanges in lymphocytes of chronically exposed residents of the Ural region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-2228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадуллина</surname><given-names>Ю. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadullina</surname><given-names>Yu. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмадуллина Юлия Рафисовна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной генетики</p><p>454141, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 68-А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya R. Akhmadullina – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Radiation Genetics</p><p>68A Vorovsky Str., Chelyabinsk, 454141</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhmadullina.yul@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-2616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривощапова</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshchapova</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривощапова Яна Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной генетики</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana V. Krivoshchapova– Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Radiation Genetics</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахмадуллина Ю.Р., Кривощапова Я.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахмадуллина Ю.Р., Кривощапова Я.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhmadullina Y.R., Krivoshchapova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1199">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1199</self-uri><abstract><p>В середине ХХ века жители Уральского региона подвергались хроническому облучению в широком диапазоне доз в результате сброса жидких радиоактивных отходов в реку Течу. Целью работы явилось изучение динамики частоты нестабильных хромосомных обменов в лимфоцитах у жителей прибрежных сел реки Течи, подвергшихся хроническому радиационному воздействию. Динамику исследовали в период с 1970-х годов по 2019 год. Материалы и методы: Исследование проводилось на основе публикаций, в которых представлены результаты цитогенетического обследования, а также ретроспективно на основе цитогенетической базы данных. Для исследования были сформированы 9 групп обследуемых лиц в соответствии с периодами обследования: 5 групп облученных людей и 4 группы сравнения. Для получения препаратов проводили культивирование Т-лимфоцитов до стадии метафазы, гипотоническую обработку и фиксацию метафазных пластинок, приготовление препаратов хромосом. Результаты исследования и обсуждение: Результаты анализа показали снижение частоты дицентрических хромосом и нестабильных хромосомных обменов в период с 1970 по 2019 год. Наиболее значительное уменьшение числа хромосомных аберраций наблюдалось начиная с 1993 года — спустя 40–50 лет после начала облучения. Частота дицентриков значимо выше относительно группы сравнения в периоды 1970–1990 гг. (23–43 года от начала облучения) и 1993– 1996 гг. (46–49 лет от начала облучения ), а также в период 2012–2019 гг. (65–72 года от начала облучения). Заключение: В настоящее время частота дицентриков у облученных лиц остается статистически значимо повышенной относительно группы сравнения. Частота нестабильных хромосомных обменов не отличается от группы сравнения. Современное оборудование и использование специализированного программного обеспечения в цитогенетической практике позволило увеличить количество проанализированных клеток в более чем 3 раза. Это существенно повысило вероятность обнаружения хромосомных аберраций как у облученных, так и не облученных лиц.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the middle of the 20th century residents of the Ural region were affected by chronic radiation exposure in a wide dose range due to the release of liquid radioactive waste into the Techa River. The objective of the study was to investigate the dynamics of the frequency of unstable chromosome exchanges in chronically exposed residents of the Techa riverside settlements. Materials and Methods: The study covers the period from 1970s through 2019. The analysis is based on the published research describing the results of cytogenetic examination, as well as on the retrospective study of the cytogenetic database data. Nine groups of examined individuals were formed by periods of examination: five groups of exposed people and four comparison groups. To obtain the preparations, T-lymphocytes were cultivated to the metaphase stage and hypotonically treated; the metaphase plates were fixed, and the chromosome preparations were prepared. Results and Discussion: Results of the assessment showed a decrease in frequency of dicentrics and unstable chromosome exchanges over the period from 1970 through 2019. Most significant decline in the number of chromosome aberrations was observed starting from 1993, i.e. 40–50 years after the onset of exposure. Dicentrics are statistically significantly more frequent in the group of exposed people relative to the comparison group in the periods 1970-1993 (23-43 years after the onset of exposure), and 1993-1996 (46-49 years after the onset of exposure), as well as in the period from 2012 through 2019 (65-72 years after the onset of exposure). Conclusion: At present, frequency of dicentrics in exposed people remains statistically significantly increased relative to the comparison group members. State-of-the-art equipment and use of special software packages in the work of cytogeneticists made it possible to increase the number of analyzed cells in more than 3 times. It increased considerably the probability of chromosome aberration detection both in exposed and unexposed individuals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническое облучение</kwd><kwd>дицентрические хромосомы</kwd><kwd>нестабильные хромосомные аберрации</kwd><kwd>нестабильные хромосомные обмены</kwd><kwd>река Теча</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic exposure</kwd><kwd>dicentrics</kwd><kwd>unstable chromosome aberrations</kwd><kwd>unstable chromosome exchanges</kwd><kwd>the Techa River</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено на базе Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины» Федерального медикобиологического агентства (г. Челябинск). Авторы признательны директору А.В. Аклееву и всем сотрудникам центра за помощь в проведении исследования. Авторы выражают благодарность кандидату биологических наук Возиловой А.В. за вклад в идею исследования. Также авторы выражают благодарность старшим лаборантам Сыченко З.И. и Чикиревой И.А. за техническое сопровождение работы. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФМБА России, тема НИР «Отдалённые цитогенетические эффекты хронического облучения у жителей Южного Урала», шифр: «Цитогенетические эффекты».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has been performed at the premises of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Chelyabinsk (URCRM, Chelyabinsk). The authors would like to express their gratitude to A.V. Akleyev, the director of the URCRM, and all the members of the staff for their help in carrying out the research. The authors would like to give special thanks to A.V. Vozilova, PhD in Biology for the contribution to the concept of the study, and to Z.I. Sychenko and I.A. Chikireva, senior laboratory technicians, for the technical support of the study. he study has been performed within the framework of the State Assignment of FMBA of Russia, Research topic “Late cytogenetic effects of chronic exposure in the population of the Southern Urals”, Code name “Cytogenetic effects”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аклеев А.В. Уральский научно – практический центр радиационной едицины – 50 лет / в кн. Медико – биологические эффекты хронического радиационного воздействия. Челябинск, 2005. Т.1. C. 5 – 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akleev AV. Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine – 50 years. In “Medical and Biological effects of chronic radiation exposure”. Chelyabinsk; 2005. 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