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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2025-18-4-31-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-1251</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Требования к обеспечению радиационной безопасности беременных  женщин в ситуациях планируемого и аварийного облучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Requirements for radiation protection of pregnant women in planned   and emergency exposure situations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-7535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водоватов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodovatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Водоватов Александр Валерьевич – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций ; доцент кафедры общей гигиены</p><p>Адрес для переписки: 197101, ул. Мира 8, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Aleksandr V. Vodovatov – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Radiation Hygiene of Medical Facilities; Docent</p><p>8, Mira Str., Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vodovatoff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-3061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чипига</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chipiga</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чипига Лариса Александровна – кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций; научный сотрудник; доцент кафедры ядерной медицины и радиационных технологий Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa A. Chipiga – Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Research Fellow; Research Fellow; Docent</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-2479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Библин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biblin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Библин Артем Михайлович – старший научный сотрудник, руководитель Информационно-аналитического центра Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem M. Biblin – Senior Research fellow, Head of Information-analytical center</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-9718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горский</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горский Григорий Анатольевич – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по инновационной работе ; доцент кафедры гигиены условий воспитания, обучения, труда и радиационной гигиены </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory A. Gorsky – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director of the Innovation Work; Docent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-9610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лантух</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lantukh</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лантух Зоя Александровна – начальник отдела дозиметрического контроля и медицинской физики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya A. Lantukh – Head of the Department of Dosimetry and Medical Physics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-0746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солдатов Илья Владимирович – начальник испытательной лаборатории</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Soldatov – Head of Laboratory</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7165-4923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вишнякова Надежда Михайловна – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе; профессор, кафедра коммунальной гигиены</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda M. Vishnyakova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director; Professor of the Department of Hygiene of the conditions of education, training, labor and radiation hygiene </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service  for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека;  Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова, Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации;  Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова, Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service  for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing;  A.M. Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation; Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service  for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing;  I. Mechnikov North Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий Департамента здравоохранения  города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Healthсare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service  for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; I. Mechnikov North Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Водоватов А.В., Чипига Л.А., Библин А.М., Горский Г.А., Лантух З.А., Солдатов И.В., Вишнякова Н.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Водоватов А.В., Чипига Л.А., Библин А.М., Горский Г.А., Лантух З.А., Солдатов И.В., Вишнякова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vodovatov A.V., Chipiga L.A., Biblin A.M., Gorsky G.A., Lantukh Z.A., Soldatov I.V., Vishnyakova N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1251">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1251</self-uri><abstract><p>Воздействие ионизирующего излучения на беременных женщин способно приводить не только к увеличению вероятности развития стохастических эффектов как женщины, так и будущего ребенка, так и привести к развитию различных пороков развития у ребенка. При переработке нормативных правовых актов Роспотребнадзора в области обеспечения радиационной безопасности при медицинском и аварийном облучении, необходимо актуализировать требования по радиационной защите беременных, основывая их на современных научных эпидемиологических и радиобиологических данных. Цель данной работы – разработать требования к обеспечению радиационной защиты беременных для различных ситуаций облучения. Материалы и методы: Работа основана на систематическом анализе отечественных и международных регулирующих документов, регламентирующих обеспечение радиационной защиты у беременных при медицинском и аварийном облучении, а также содержащих результаты эпидемиологических исследований. Результаты исследования и обсуждение: Результаты анализа показывают, что воздействие ионизирующего излучения на плод или эмбрион ассоциировано с менее чем 2 % врожденных пороков развития, выявленных у новорожденных. В качестве порогового значения, ниже которого достоверно определить детерминированные эффекты, ассоциированные с воздействием ионизирующего излучения, невозможно, принимается 100 мГр поглощенной дозы в плоде (эмбрионе). Для обеспечения консервативного подхода к радиационной защите беременных в отечественной практике предложено установить граничную дозу для беременных женщин в 50 мГр поглощенной дозы в плоде (эмбрионе) за период с момента обнаружения беременности до родоразрешения для ситуаций оказания плановой медицинской помощи. Это позволит исключить развитие пороков развития у ребёнка и минимизировать вероятность возникновения радиационно-индуцированного рака после рождения. В качестве критерия отнесения к радиационной аварии предложено установить 500 мГр поглощенной дозы в плоде (эмбрионе). Заключение: Данный подход будет реализован в новой редакции Норм радиационной безопасности и Основных санитарных правил обеспечения радиационной безопасности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Radiation exposure of pregnant women can not only increase the likelihood of stochastic effects for both the mother and the unborn child, but lead to the development of various birth defects as well. Revision of Rospotrebnadzor's regulations on radiation protection from medical and emergency exposure requires updating requirements for radiation protection of pregnant women. They should be based on modern scientific epidemiological and radiobiological data. The aim of this study was to develop requirements for radiation protection for pregnant women in various exposure situations. Materials and Methods: This study was based on a systematic review of Russian and international regulatory documents governing radiation protection for pregnant women during medical and emergency exposure, as well as epidemiological studies. Results and Discussion: The results of the analysis indicated that exposure of the fetus or embryo to ionizing radiation is associated with less than 2 % of congenital malformations identified in newborns. A threshold value of 100 mGy of absorbed dose in the fetus (embryo) is accepted as the threshold below which it is impossible to reliably determine deterministic effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation. To ensure a conservative approach to radiation protection of pregnant women in Russian practice, it has been proposed to establish a dose constraint for pregnant women of 50 mGy of absorbed dose in the fetus (embryo) for the period from the moment of detection of pregnancy until delivery for situations involving routine medical care. Conclusion: This will prevent the development of malformations in the child and minimize the likelihood of radiation-induced cancer after birth. A value of 500 mGy of absorbed dose in the fetus (embryo) has been proposed as the criterion for radiation accidents. This approach will be implemented in the new edition of the Norms of Radiation Safety and the Basic Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поглощенная доза</kwd><kwd>детерминированные эффекты</kwd><kwd>стохастические эффекты</kwd><kwd>беременные</kwd><kwd>радиационная защита</kwd><kwd>медицинское облучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>absorbed dose</kwd><kwd>deterministic effects</kwd><kwd>stochastic effects</kwd><kwd>pregnant women</kwd><kwd>radiation protection</kwd><kwd>medical exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA Safety Standards Series. No. GSR Part 3. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources. STI/PUB/1578. IAEA: Vienna, 2014. 518 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA Safety Standards Series. No. GSR Part 3. 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