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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2025-18-4-70-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-1254</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Номенклатура медицинских средств противорадиационной защиты,  применяемых при крупномасштабных радиационных авариях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nomenclature of radioprotective medical agents for major radiation accidents</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-9718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горский</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горский Григорий Анатольевич – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по инновационной работе; доцент кафедры гигиены условий воспитания, обучения, труда и радиационной гигиены  </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory A. Gorsky – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director of Innovation Work; Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene of Conditions of Education, Training, Work and Radiation Hygiene</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-2479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Библин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biblin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Библин Артём Михайлович – старший научный сотрудник, руководитель информационно-аналитического центра </p><p>Адрес для переписки: 197101, ул. Мира 8, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem M. Biblin – Senior Research Fellow, Head of Information Analytical Center</p><p>8, Mira Str., Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.biblin@niirg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-7535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водоватов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodovatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Водоватов Александр Валерьевич – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций; доцент кафедры общей гигиены</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Vodovatov – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Radiation Hygiene of Medical Facilities; Docent</p><p>Saint Petersburg,</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7165-4923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вишнякова Надежда Михайловна – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе ; профессор, кафедра коммунальной гигиены</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda M. Vishnyakova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director; Professor of the Department of Hygiene of the conditions of education, training, labor and radiation hygiene</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека;  Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service  for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; I. Mechnikov North Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection &#13;
and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей  и благополучия человека; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горский Г.А., Библин А.М., Водоватов А.В., Вишнякова Н.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горский Г.А., Библин А.М., Водоватов А.В., Вишнякова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorsky G.A., Biblin A.M., Vodovatov A.V., Vishnyakova N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1254">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1254</self-uri><abstract><p>Широкое использование ядерных и радиационных технологий обусловливает необходимость готовности к реагированию на радиационные аварии. Применение средств, смягчающих негативное воздействие ионизирующего излучения, является одним из важных элементов стратегии управления и минимизации таких рисков, в первую очередь, на ранних фазах крупномасштабных радиационных аварий у лиц, непосредственно осуществляющих аварийное реагирование. Для проведения профилактических и лечебных мероприятий при воздействии на организм ионизирующего излучения (при внешнем, внутреннем или сочетанном облучении) применяются медицинские средства противорадиационной защиты. Цель работы – обоснование выбора и способа применения современных медицинских средств противорадиационной защиты для различных сценариев радиационных аварий. Материалы и методы: Выполнен обзор отечественных и зарубежных научных публикаций, нормативно-методических документов и рекомендаций за 2010–2025 гг. Результаты исследования и обсуждение: Определены основные сценарии, при которых необходимо применение медицинских средств противорадиационной защиты. Определены основные группы препаратов, их механизм действия и назначение в системе медицинской радиационной защиты. Проведено сравнение отечественной и зарубежной номенклатуры средств противорадиационной защиты. Заключение: Установлено, что отечественная номенклатура препаратов является более универсальной и позволяет покрывать более широкий диапазон аварийных ситуаций с источниками ионизирующего излучения по сравнению с зарубежной. Применение специфических препаратов должно определяться в каждом конкретном случае исходя из сценария радиационной аварии, радиационной обстановки, радионуклидного состава выбросов. Вопросам расширения номенклатуры средств противорадиационной защиты и создания их запасов следует уделять особое внимание в рамках мероприятий по обеспечению аварийной готовности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The widespread use of nuclear and radiation technologies necessitates preparedness for response to radiological emergencies. The application of medical countermeasures aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of ionizing radiation is a key element of risk management and reduction strategies, particularly during the early phases of large-scale radiation accidents among emergency response personnel. Medical agents for radiation protection are used for preventive and therapeutic purposes in cases of external, internal, or combined exposure. The aim of this study is to substantiate the choice of modern medical countermeasures for radiological protection and their protocols for application across various radiation accident scenarios. Materials and Methods: A review of Russian and international scientific publications, normative and methodological documents, and official guidelines for the period 2010–2025 was conducted. Results and Discussion: The main scenarios requiring the use of medical countermeasures for radiation protection were identified. The principal groups of drugs, their mechanisms of action, and roles within the medical radiation protection system were determined. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign nomenclature of radiation protection agents was performed. Conclusion: It was established that the Russian nomenclature of medical countermeasures is more universal and covers a wider range of radiological emergency scenarios compared with foreign systems. The choice of specific preparations should be determined case by case, depending on the type of accident, radiological conditions, and radionuclide composition of releases. Expansion of the range and stockpiling of medical countermeasures should be given particular attention as part of emergency preparedness activities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радиационная авария</kwd><kwd>радиопротекторы</kwd><kwd>радиомитигаторы</kwd><kwd>аварийное  реагирование</kwd><kwd>йодид калия</kwd><kwd>йодная профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radiation accident</kwd><kwd>radioprotectors</kwd><kwd>radiomitigators</kwd><kwd>emergency response</kwd><kwd>potassium iodide</kwd><kwd>iodine prophylaxis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках отраслевой программы Роспотребнадзора на 2021–2025 гг. «Научное обоснование национальной системы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, управления рисками здоровью и повышения качества жизни населения России» по теме: «Совершенствование системы мероприятий и нормативно-методической базы по обеспечению аварийной готовности и реагирования органов и организаций Роспотребнадзора при возникновении радиационных аварий различных типов с целью оптимизации радиационной защиты населения Российской Федерации».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the sectoral program of Rospotrebnadzor for 2021–2025: “Scientific substantiation of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, managing health risks and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia” on the topic: “Improvement of the system of measures and regulatory and methodological base to ensure emergency preparedness and response of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and organizations in the event of radiation accidents of various types in order to optimize radiation protection of the population of the Russian Federation”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Легеза В.И., Миляев А.В., Старков А.В. 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