radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2026-19-1-24-33radhyd-1281Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESДинамика выведения плутония с мочой и калом на примере случаев острого ингаляционного поступления промышленных соединений плутонияDynamics of plutonium excretion with urine and feces using cases of acute inhalation intake of industrial plutonium compounds as an examplehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-4178СоколоваА. Б.SokolovaA. B.

Соколова Александра Борисовна – кандидат биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, курирующий вопросы радиационной безопасности.

456783, Челябинская область, Озерск, Озерское шоссе, д. 19

Alexandra B. Sokolova – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher in Charge of Radiation Safety Issues.

19, Ozerskoe shosse, Ozersk, Chelyabinsk oblast, 456783

sokolova@subi.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-6559ЕфимовА. В.EfimovA. V.

Ефимов Александр Владимирович – начальник отдела, научный сотрудник.

Озерск

Alexander V. Efimov – Head of Department Researcher.

Ozersk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0737-4131ИшунинаМ. В.IshuninaM. V.

Ишунина Мария Владимировна – заведующий лабораторией, младший научный сотрудник.

Озерск

Mariya V. Ishunina Head of Laboratory – Junior Researcher.

Ozersk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-9460СыпкоС. А.SypkoS. A.

Сыпко Сергей Алексеевич – заведующий лабораторией, научный сотрудник.

Озерск

Sergey A. Sypko Head of Laboratory – Researcher.

Ozersk

Южно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияSouthern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2026010420261912433Copyright © Соколова А.Б., Ефимов А.В., Ишунина М.В., Сыпко С.А., 20262026Соколова А.Б., Ефимов А.В., Ишунина М.В., Сыпко С.А.Sokolova A.B., Efimov A.V., Ishunina M.V., Sypko S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1281

Контроль доз внутреннего облучения от плутония наиболее эффективно осуществляется косвенным методом, основанным на интерпретации результатов измерений активности нуклида в экскретах с использованием биокинетических и дозиметрических моделей. В настоящее время нормирующие документы Российской Федерации используют модели, представленные Международной комиссией по радиологической защите в Публикациях 30, 66, 67, в то время как Международной комиссией по радиологической защите разработаны новые модели и подходы, представленные в Публикациях 130, 134, 137, 141. Целью данного исследования было показать фактическую динамику выведения плутония с мочой и калом при его поступлении в составе промышленного соединения сложного изотопного состава в сравнении с расчетными данными. Материалы и методы: Для выполнения исследования в качестве исходных данных использовались результаты определения активности плутония в суточных количествах мочи и кала у трех работников с острым ингаляционным поступлением промышленных соединений плутония в результате возникновения аварийной ситуации. Результаты исследования и обсуждение: Для каждого случая с помощью критерия Акаике был выбран наиболее пригодный сценарий (модель и набор физико-химических свойств соединения). Расчеты выполнялись на основании результатов измерений активности плутония в моче, результатов измерения активности плутония в кале и результатов измерения активности плутония в моче и кале одновременно. Выполненный статистический анализ показал, что выбор наиболее пригодной модели и набора физико-химических свойств соединения обусловлен выбором исходных данных. В одном из случаев ни одна из рассмотренных моделей не позволила адекватно объяснить наблюдаемые уровни плутония в моче и кале. Заключение: Очевидно, что в настоящее время существуют пробелы в знаниях о поведении промышленных соединений плутония в организме, в том числе присутствующих на участках по производству новых видов топлива, что требует серьезных исследований как биокинетики, так и физико-химических свойств промышленных соединений плутония.

Monitoring internal doses from plutonium is most effectively accomplished by an indirect method based on the interpretation of nuclide activity measurements in excreta using biokinetic and dosimetric models. Currently, Russian Federation regulatory documents utilize the models presented by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publications 30, 66, and 67, while the International Commission on Radiological Protection has developed new models and approaches presented in Publications 130, 134, 137, and 141.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the actual dynamics of plutonium excretion in urine and feces in comparison with calculated data upon the intake of plutonium as part of an industrial compound of complex isotopic composition.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: The initial data for the study were the results of determining the activity of plutonium in daily amounts of urine and feces of three workers with acute inhalation intake of industrial plutonium compounds as a result of an emergency.

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion: For each case, the most suitable scenario (model and set of physicochemical properties of the compound) was selected using the Akaike criterion, depending on the initial data used for the calculation. The calculations were performed based on the results of plutonium activity measurements in urine, the results of plutonium activity measurements in feces, and the results of plutonium activity measurements in urine and feces simultaneously. The statistical analysis performed showed that the choice of the most suitable model and set of physicochemical properties of the compound was determined by the choice of initial data. In one case, none of the models adequately explained the observed levels of plutonium in urine and feces.

Conclusion

Conclusion: There is undoubtedly a current lack of knowledge regarding the metabolism of industrial plutonium compounds, including those present at new fuel production sites. This requires extensive research into both the biokinetics and physicochemical properties of industrial plutonium compounds.

плутонийбиокинетическая модельингаляционное поступлениеplutoniumbiokinetic modelinhalation intakeРабота выполнена в рамках Государственного контракта от 15.06.2025 № 11.314.25.2 «Техногенное облучение и его отдаленные медицинские последствия» шифр «Последствия 25-27», финансируемого ФМБА РоссииThe work was carried out within the framework of the Government contract “Industrial radiation and its long-term medical consequences” and the population of adjacent territories” №11.001.22.800 from 15.06.2025 code “Consequences 25-27”, funded by the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of RussiaReferencesICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103 // Annals of the ICRP. 2007. Vol. 37, No 2-4.ICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Annals of the ICRP. 2007;37(2–4).ICRP. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 1 // Annals of the ICRP. 1979. Vol. 2, No 3/4.ICRP. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 1. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. Annals of the ICRP. 1979;2(3/4).ICRP Publication 30, Supplement to Part 1. Ann. ICRP 3(1–4). ICRP. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 2 // Annals of the ICRP. 1980. Vol. 4, No 3/4.ICRP Publication 30, Supplement to Part 1. Ann. ICRP 3(1–4). ICRP. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 2. Annals of the ICRP. 1980;4(3/4).ICRP. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 66 // Annals of the ICRP. 1994. Vol. 24, No 1–3.ICRP. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 66. Annals of the ICRP. 1994;24(1–3).ICRP. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 2. Ingestion dose coefficients. ICRP Publication 67 // Annals of the ICRP. 1993. Vol. 23, No 3/4.ICRP. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 2. Ingestion dose coefficients. ICRP Publication 67. Annals of the ICRP. 1993;23(3/4).ICRP. Dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 68 // Annals of the ICRP. 1994. Vol. 24, No 4.ICRP. Dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by workers. ICRP Publication 68. Annals of the ICRP. 1994;24(4).ICRP. Individual monitoring for internal exposure of workers – replacement of ICRP Publication 54. ICRP Publication 78 // Annals of the ICRP. 1997. Vol. 27, No 3/4.ICRP. Individual monitoring for internal exposure of workers – replacement of ICRP Publication 54. ICRP Publication 78. Annals of the ICRP. 1997;27(3/4).ICRP. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1. ICRP Publication 130 // Annals of the ICRP. 2015. Vol. 44, No 2.ICRP. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1. ICRP Publication 130. Annals of the ICRP. 2015;44(2).ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 2. ICRP Publication 134 // Annals of the ICRP. 2016. Vol. 45, No 3/4.ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 2. ICRP Publication 134. Annals of the ICRP. 2016;45(3/4).ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 3. ICRP Publication 137 // Annals of the ICRP. 2017. Vol. 46, No 3/4.ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 3. ICRP Publication 137. Annals of the ICRP. 2017;46(3/4).ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 4. ICRP Publication 141 // Annals of the ICRP. 2019. Vol. 48, No 2/3.ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 4. ICRP Publication 141. Annals of the ICRP. 2019;48(2/3).Motulsky H.J., Christopoulos A. Fitting models to biological data using linear and nonlinear regression. A practical guide to curve fitting. San Diego. CA: GraphPad Software Inc., 2003. 351 p.Motulsky HJ, Christopoulos A. Fitting models to biological data using linear and nonlinear regression. A practical guide to curve fitting. San Diego. CA: GraphPad Software Inc. 2003; 351 p.Айвазян С.А., Енюков И.С., Мешалкин Л.Д. Прикладная статистика: Основы моделирования и первичная обработка данных: Справ. изд. М.: Издательство «Финансы и статистика», 1983. 471 с.Ayvazyan SA, Еnyukov IS, Meshalkin LD. Applied statistics: Modeling basics and primary data processing: Reference Book. Moscow: Finance and Statistics; 1983. 471 p. (In Russian).ICRP. Human alimentary tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 100 // Annals of the ICRP. 2006. Vol. 36, No 1/2.ICRP. Human alimentary tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 100. Annals of the ICRP. 2006;36(1/2).Халтурин Г.В., Любчанский Э.Р., Плотникова Л.А., Демина Г.А. Определение скелетного и системного содержания плутония и нептуния в организме человека при аварийном поступлении их растворимых и относительно растворимых соединений // Вопросы радиационной безопасности. 2003. Спец. выпуск. С. 71-77.Khalturin GV, Lyubchansky ER, Plotnikova LA, Demina GA. Determination of skeletal and systemic content of plutonium and neptunium in the human body in case of accidental intake of their soluble and relatively soluble compounds. Voprosy radiatsionnoy bezopasnosti = Radiation safety issues. 2003; Special Edition: 71-77. (In Russian).Hall R.M., Poda G.A., Fleming R.R., Smith J.A. A mathematical model for estimation of plutonium in the human body from urine date influenced by DTPA therapy // Health Physics. 1978. Vol. 34. P. 419-431.Hall RM, Poda GA, Fleming RR, Smith JA. A mathematical model for estimation of plutonium in the human body from urine date influenced by DTPA therapy. Health Physics. 1978;34: 419-431.Bailey B.R., Eckerman K.F., Townsend L.W. An analysis of a puncture wound case with medical intervention // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2003. Vol. 105. P. 509–512.Bailey BR, Eckerman KF, Townsend LW. An analysis of a puncture wound case with medical intervention. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2003;105: 509–512.Durbin P.W. and Schmidt C. Predicting the kinetics of chelating agents in man from animal data // Health Physics. 1989. Vol. 57. P. 165-174.Durbin PW. and Schmidt C. Predicting the kinetics of chelating agents in man from animal data. Health Physics. 1989;57: 165-174.Stather J.W., Smith H., Bailey M.R., Birchall A., Bulman A., Crawley F.E.H. The retention of 14C-DTPA in human volunteers after inhalation or intravenous injection // Health Physics. 1983. No 44 (1). P. 45–52.Stather JW, Smith H, Bailey MR, Birchall A, Bulman A, Crawley FEH. The retention of 14C-DTPA in human volunteers after inhalation or intravenous injection. Health Physics. 1983;44(1): 45–52.Konzen K., Brey R. Development of the Plutonium-DTPA biokinetic model // Health Physics. 2015. Vol. 108 (6). P. 565-573.Konzen K, Brey R. Development of the Plutonium-DTPA biokinetic model. Health Physics. 2015;108(6): 565-573.Konzen K., Brey R. and Miller S. Plutonium-DTPA model application with USTUR cases 0269 // Health Physics. 2016. Vol. 110 (1). P.59-65.Konzen K, Brey R, Miller S. Plutonium-DTPA model application with USTUR cases 0269. Health Physics. 2016;110(1): 59-65.Breustedt B., Blanchardon E., Berard P., et al. Biokinetic modeling of DTPA decorporation therapy: the CONRAD approach // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2009. 134. P. 38-48.Breustedt B, Blanchardon E, Berard P, Fritsch P, Guissani A, Lopez M, et al. Biokinetic modeling of DTPA decorporation therapy: the CONRAD approach. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2009;134: 38-48.Breustedt B., Blanchardon E., Berard P., et al. The CONRAD approach to biokinetic modeling of DTPA decorporation therapy // Health Physics. 2010. Vol. 99(4). P. 547-552.Breustedt B, Blanchardon E, Berard P, Fritsch P, Guissani A, Lopez M, et al. The CONRAD approach to biokinetic modeling of DTPA decorporation therapy. Health Physics. 2010;99(4): 547-552.Juliao L.M., Melo Q.C., de O. Sousa W., Santos M.S., Fernandes P.C.P. Uncertainty on faecal analysis on dose assessment // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2007. Vol. 127, No 1-4. P. 421–424.Juliao LM, Melo QC, de O. Sousa W, Santos MS, Fernandes PCP. Uncertainty on faecal analysis on dose assessment. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2007;127(1-4): 421–424.Плотникова Л.А., Байсоголов Г.Д., Дощенко В.Н. Влияние пентацина и тетоксацина на ускорение выведения плутония из организма человека // Бюллетень радиационной медицины. 1962. № 3. С. 123-129.Plotnikova LA, Baisogolov GD, Doshchenko VN. Effect of pentacyn and tetoxacyn on acceleration of plutonium elimination from human organism. Byulleten radiatsionnoy meditsiny = Bulletin of Radiation Medicine. 1962;3; 123-129. (In Russian).James A.C., Sasser L.B. Stuit D.B.., Glover S.E. and Carbaugh EH. USTUR whole body case 0269: demonstrating effectiveness of I.V. Ca-DTPA for Pu // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2007. Vol. 127, No 1-4. P. 449-455.James AC, Sasser LB. Stuit DB, Glover SE, Carbaugh EH. USTUR whole body case 0269: demonstrating effectiveness of I.V. Ca-DTPA for Pu. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2007;127(1-4): 449-455.Konzen K., Brey R., and Miller S. Plutonium-DTPA model application with USTUR Case 0269 // Health Physics. 2016. Vol. 110, No 1. P. 59–65.Konzen K, Brey R, Miller S. Plutonium-DTPA model application with USTUR Case 0269. Health Physics. 2016;110(1): P. 59–65.Leggett R.W., Eckerman K.F., Khokhryakov V.F., Suslova K.G., Krahenbuhl M.P., Miller S.C. Mayak worker study: An improved biokinetic model for reconstructing doses from internally deposited plutonium // Radiatation Research. 2005. 164. P. 111–122.Leggett RW, Eckerman KF, Khokhryakov VF, Suslova KG, Krahenbuhl MP, Miller SC. Mayak worker study: An improved biokinetic model for reconstructing doses from internally deposited plutonium. Radiation Research. 2005;164: 111–122.Lataillade G., Verry M., Rateau G. Translocation of Pu from rat and monkey lung after inhalation of industrial plutonium oxide and mixed U and Pu oxide // International Journal of Radiation Biology. 1995. Vol. 67. P. 373–380.Lataillade G, Verry M, Rateau G. Translocation of Pu from rat and monkey lung after inhalation of industrial plutonium oxide and mixed U and Pu oxide. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 1995;67: 373–380.Ramounet B., Matton S., Guezingar-Liebard F., et al. Comparative biokinetics of plutonium and americium after inhalation of PuO2 and mixed oxides (U, Pu)O2 in rat // International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2000. Vol. 76. P. 215–222.Ramounet B, Matton S, Guezingar-Liebard F, Abram MC, Rateau G, Grillon G, et al. Comparative biokinetics of plutonium and americium after inhalation of PuO2 and mixed oxides (U, Pu)O2 in rat. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2000;76: 215–222.Stanley J.A., Eidson A.F., Mewhinney J.A. Distribution, retention and dosimetry of plutonium and americium in the rat, dog and monkey after inhalation of an industrial-mixed uranium and plutonium oxide aerosol // Health Physics. 1982. Vol. 43. P. 521–530.Stanley JA, Eidson AF, Mewhinney JA. Distribution, retention and dosimetry of plutonium and americium in the rat, dog and monkey after inhalation of an industrial-mixed uranium and plutonium oxide aerosol. Health Physics. 1982;43: 521–530.Foster P.P. Study of a plutonium oxide fuel inhalation case // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 1991. Vol. 38. P. 141–146.Foster PP. Study of a plutonium oxide fuel inhalation case. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 1991;38: 141–146.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.