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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2026-19-2-75-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-1343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение морфометрических характеристик костного мозга и кости с целью создания дозиметрической модели высокого разрешения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of morphometric characteristics of bone marrow and bone in order to create a high-resolution dosimetric model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1457-4916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарагин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharagin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Алексеевич Шарагин, магистр биологических наук, научный сотрудник, ассистент</p><p>лаборатория цифровых и вычислительных методов дозиметрии; кафедра радиобиологии</p><p>454141; ул. Воровского, 68-А; Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Sharagin, Master of Biological Sciences, Researcher</p><p>R&amp;D Laboratory of Digital and Computational Dosimetry Methods</p><p>454141; 68A, Vorovsky Str.; Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharagin@urcrm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9488-9599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадуллин</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadullin</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Марселевич Ахмадуллин, старший инженер-исследователь</p><p>лаборатория цифровых и вычислительных методов дозиметрии</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman M. Akhmadullin, Senior Research Engineer</p><p>R&amp;D Laboratory of Digital and Computational Dosimetry Methods</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-3214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толстых</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolstykh</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Игоревна Толстых, доктор биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория цифровых и вычислительных методов дозиметрии</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia I. Tolstykh, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory, Leading Researcher</p><p>R&amp;D Laboratory of Digital and Computational Dosimetry Methods</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-0889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Анатольевна Шишкина, ведущий научный сотрудник, доктор биологических наук, директор института, доцент</p><p>Научно-исследовательский институт радиологической защиты; кафедра радиобиологии</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Shishkina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Director at the Institute, Associate Professor</p><p>Research Institute of Radiological Protection; Department of Radiobiology</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Челябинский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics of the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Chelyabinsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарагин П.А., Ахмадуллин Р.М., Толстых Е.И., Шишкина Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарагин П.А., Ахмадуллин Р.М., Толстых Е.И., Шишкина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharagin P.A., Akhmadullin R.M., Tolstykh E.I., Shishkina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1343">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/1343</self-uri><abstract><p>   Остеогенные и гемопоэтические стволовые клетки могут подвергаться облучению при радиотерапии раковых заболеваний с использованием радиофармпрепаратов, в случае адсорбции радионуклидов в кости. Оценка доз на нормальные радиочувствительные клетки важна для оценки соотношения польза/ущерб. Поэтому создание дозиметрической модели кости и костного мозга с учетом микрораспределения радионуклидов, и клеток-мишеней является важной задачей.</p><p>   Цель исследования – провести аналитический обзор современного уровня знаний о гистоморфометрических характеристиках трабекулярной кости и прилегающих участков костного мозга с целью создания анатомо-морфологического базиса для построения микродозиметрической модели для расчетов доз на гемопоэтические стволовые клетки и остеобласты.</p><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы: Проводился поиск опубликованных данных по структуре и минерализации костной ткани в составе трабекулярной кости, клеточному составу костного мозга, морфологии и расположению клеток в его объеме относительно поверхности кости.</p><p>   Результаты исследования и обсуждение: В настоящее время морфофизиологические особенности минерализации кости и размеры соответствующих структур хорошо изучены. Поверхность трабекул покрыта слоем неминерализованного костного матрикса толщиной 1-5 мкм, который способен быстро адсорбировать радионуклиды. К этому слою прилегает слой остеобластов толщиной 1 мкм. Данные о распределении стволовых клеток в объеме костного мозга весьма ограничены. Известно, что большая часть стволовых расположена в пределах 200 мкм от поверхности трабекул. Размер клеток составляет 6-7 мкм.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение: На основе существующих знаний о структуре кости и распределении в костном мозге остеогенных и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток планируется построить модель, состоящую из слоёв, включающих слой-источник и слои-мишени, описывающие остеогенные клетки и гемопоэтические стволовые клетки на различном удалении от кости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Osteogenic and hematopoietic stem cells can be exposed to radiation during cancer radiotherapy with radiopharmaceuticals due to adsorption of radionuclides into bones. Calculation of doses to normal radiosensitive cells is important for assessing the benefit/harm ratio. Therefore, the creation of a dosimetric model of bone and bone marrow, which takes into account the microdistribution of radionuclides and target cells, is an important task.</p><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective: an analytical review of the current state of knowledge about thehistomorphometric characteristics of the trabecular bone and adjacent areas of the bone marrow in order to create an anatomical and morphological basis for constructing a microdosimetric model for calculating doses to hematopoietic stem cells and osteoblasts.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and Methods</title><p>   Materials and Methods: A search was conducted for published data on the structure and mineralization of bone tissue in the trabecular bone, the cellular composition of the bone marrow, the morphology and location of cells in its volume relative to the bone surface.</p><p>   Results and Discussion: Currently, the morphophysiological features of bone mineralization and the size of the corresponding structures are well studied. The surface of the trabeculae is covered with a layer of unmineralized bone matrix 1-5 microns thick, which is capable of rapidly adsorbing radionuclides. An adjacent layer of osteoblasts is about 1 micrometer thick. Data on the distribution of stem cells in the bone marrow volume is very limited. It is known that most of the stem cells are located within 200 micrometers from the surface of the trabeculae. The cell size is about 6-7 micrometers.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion: Based on the existing knowledge about the structure of bone and the distribution of osteogenic and hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, it is planned to create a model consisting of the number of layers, including a source layer and target layers, describing osteogenic cells and hematopoietic stem cells at different distances from the bone.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемопоэтические стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>остеобласты</kwd><kwd>трабекулярная кость</kwd><kwd>дозиметрия</kwd><kwd>радиофармпрепараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells</kwd><kwd>osteoblasts</kwd><kwd>trabecular bone</kwd><kwd>dosimetry</kwd><kwd>radiopharmaceuticals</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда по мероприятию «Проведение фундаментальных научных исследований и поисковых научных исследований малыми отдельными научными группами» (региональный конкурс), Соглашение № 25-25-20092 поддерживаемого Регионом – программа Челябинской области «Развитие науки в Челябинской области», грант в форме субсидии, Соглашение № 30-2025-003346</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation for the event "Conducting basic scientific research and exploratory scientific research by small individual scientific groups" (regional competition) Agreement No. 25-25-20092 supported by the Region - Chelyabinsk Region program "Development of Science in the Chelyabinsk Region", grant in the form of a subsidy Agreement No. 30-2025-003346</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watchman C.J., Bourke V.A., Lyon J.R. et al. 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