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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-255</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Радионуклидная диагностика в Санкт-Петербурге: текущее состояние и проблемы развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radionuclide diagnostics in St. Petersburg: сurrent status and development challenges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звонова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvonova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Principal Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ir_zv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чипига</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chipiga</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>медицинский физик Северо-Западного федерального медицинского центра им. В.А. Алмазова Министерства здравоохранения России, инженер-исследователь, Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical physic of North-West Federal madical center named after V.A. Almazov Healthcare Ministry of Russia, Research Engineer of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Medicine after Professor P.V. Ramzaev,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisa.chipiga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балонов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balonov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Medical Organizations’ Radiation Hygiene Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.balonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suhov</surname><given-names>V. Ju.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделом ядерной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Nuclear Medicine Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soukhov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. :Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова, Министерство здравоохранения России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Federal madical center named after V.A. Almazov Healthcare Ministry of Russia,  St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Medicine after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev , Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection&#13;
and Human Well- Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова, Министерство Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Звонова И.А., Чипига Л.И., Балонов М.И., Сухов В.Ю., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Звонова И.А., Чипига Л.И., Балонов М.И., Сухов В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zvonova I.A., Chipiga L.A., Balonov M.I., Suhov V.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/255">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/255</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является анализ состояния радионуклидной диагностики (РНД) в городе Санкт-Петербурге. Рассматриваются тенденции развития этой области медицины за последние 10 лет, обеспеченность потребностей населения в РНД, дозовые нагрузки на пациентов и проблемы дальнейшего развития.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Данные форм федерального государственного статистического наблюдения № 3-ДОЗ по г. Санкт-Петербургу и результаты обследования подразделений РНД с анкетированием врачей-радиологов о проводимых исследованиях, включая вопросы аппаратурного и штатного обеспечения, количество и перечень проводимых исследований, дозировки вводимых активностей радиофармпрепаратов и дозы пациентов использовались для анализа временных и структурных изменений состояния РНД в городе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Начиная с конца 1990-х гг. и вплоть до 2012 г. происходило постоянное снижение суммарного числа проводимых в городе процедур РНД, в 2005 г. было проведено 73,7 тыс. процедур,в 2012 г. – 35,5 тыс. Число процедур РНД на 1000 жителей уменьшилось с 16 до 7,2 исследований. В 2013 г. наметился небольшой рост обоих показателей, в 2014 г. общее число процедур РНД составило 42 тыс. и 8,2 исследования на 1000 жителей.</p></sec><sec><title>С 2011 г</title><p>С 2011 г. началось обновление диагностического оборудования: были поставлены ОФЭКТ или ОФЭКТ/КТ в четыре медицинские организации (МО), построены два новых ПЭТ-центра, три МО приобрели позитронные эмиссионные томографы (ПЭТ) и проводят ПЭТ-диагностику, получая необходимые радиофармпрепараты (РФП) из стороннего ПЭТ-центра. Обновление оборудования произошло и в двух старых ПЭТ-центрах. В то же время треть подразделений РНД продолжает работать на морально и технически устаревшем оборудовании производства 1970–1980 гг.</p><p>В обследованных МО Санкт-Петербурга для диагностики in vivo использовались 24 РФП, меченные 99mTc, 123I, 131I, 67Ga, Для ПЭТ-диагностики использовались РФП с ультракороткоживущими циклотронными радионуклидами 18F, 11C, 13N, 15O. 60–70% используемых РФП метятся 99mTc. За 10 лет изменилась структура РНД в сторону увеличения числа сцинтиграфических исследований и уменьшения «функциональных» (радиометрических) процедур, что отражает изменение аппаратурного обеспечения подразделений РНД, замену старого оборудования на новые ОФЭКТ.</p><p>Среднее значение эффективной дозы на процедуру РНД в Санкт-Петербурге составляет 2,4 мЗв. Средние дозы при сцинтиграфических исследованиях оценены от 0,9 мЗв до 7 мЗв . Наибольшие дозы получают пациенты при исследовании всего тела с введением 67Ga-цитрата и 123I-йодида натрия (около 20 мЗв и выше), при исследованиях сердца и головного мозга дозы у пациента, в среднем, составляют около 4 мЗв. Дозы от радиометрических («функциональных») исследований составляют 0,1–0,3 мЗв.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Начиная с 2013 г., наметился рост числа радионуклидных диагностических исследований. Модернизация технического оснащения радионуклидной диагностики остается первоочередной задачей в городе. При замене старого оборудования на современное можно ожидать увеличения числа высокодозных сцинтиграфических исследований и, соответственно, увеличения вклада РНД в дозу медицинского облучения населения. Форма статистического наблюдения доз облучения пациентов 3-ДОЗ требует модернизации в части радионуклидной диагностики, в соответствии с наблюдаемыми изменениями в ядерной медицине.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work aims at radionuclide diagnostics analyses in the Russian Federation city of St. Petersburg over 2005–2014. The study covers trends and development challenges , availability of radionuclide diagnostics for population needs, exposure doses for patients.</p><p>This work aims at radionuclide diagnostics analyses in the Russian Federation city of St. Petersburg over 2005–2014. The study covers trends and development challenges , availability of radionuclide diagnostics for population needs, exposure doses for patients.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The radionuclide diagnostics temporal and structural changes’ analysis was based on Federal state statistical observation forms No.3-DOZ for St. Petersburg and on the results of radionuclide diagnostics subdivision surveys with radiology physicians’ questionnaires on the amount and composition of conducted examinations, dosages of introduced radioactivity of radiopharmaceticals and patients’ doses.</p></sec><sec><title>The results</title><p>The results. Since the end of 1990s until 2012 the amount of radionuclide diagnostics procedures had been steadily reducing. 74000 procedures were conducted in 2005 and 35500 in 2012. The number of radionuclide diagnostics procedures per one thousand residents reduced from 16 to 7.2. Both indicators slightly grew in 2013. In 2014 the total number of radiodiagnostic proceduress amounted up to 42000 and 8.2 tests per 1000 residents. Since 2011 the diagnostic equipment was upgraded. Four medical institutions received SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) or SPECT/CT, two new PET ( positron emission tomographs) – centers were set up, three medical institutions had acquired positron emission tomographs (PET) and are conducting PET – diagnostics receiving radiofarmaceuticals from external PET – center. At the same time one a third of radiodiagnostic units still has been operating obsolete and depreciated equipment dating back to 1980–1990 .</p><p>Inspection results indicated that St. Petersburg healthcare centers for in vivo diagnostics were using 24 radiofarmaceuticals, traced 99mTc, 123I, 131I, 67Ga, for PET – diagnostics – radiofarmaceuticals with cyclotron radionuclides 18F, 11C, 13N, 15O. 60–70% are traced 99mTc. Over 10 years the radiodiagnostics structure has changed towards increased number of scintigraphic studies and reduction of “functional” (radiometric) procedures which reflects the changes in the equipment of the radionuclide diagnostics units, the replacement of the old equipment by new SPECT.</p><p>         The mean effective dose per one radiodiagnostic test in St. Petersburg is 2.4 mSv. Scintigraphic tests’ mean exposure doses are between 0.9 mSv and 7 mSv. Patients are exposed to the highest doses during whole body diagnostics with administration of 67Ga- citrate and 123I – sodium iodide (about 20 mSv and above). During heart and brain diagnolstics patient’s exposure dose averages 4 mSv. Radiometric (functional) tests’ exposure doses are 0.1 – 0.3 mSv.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Since 2013 the amount of radionuclide diagnostic tests has increased.</p><p>The main objective is to modernize the radionuclide diagnostics equipment in the city. After replacement of the old equipment by the state-of-the art one in most probability high- dose diagnostics will increase in number which will result in increased radionuclide diagnostics contribution into population medical exposure dose. Statistical observation form of patients’ medical exposure doses 3 – DOZ requires modernization in the part of radionuclide diagnostics in compliance with advancement in this medical sphere.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радионуклидная диагностика</kwd><kwd>динамика и структура исследований</kwd><kwd>радифармпрепараты</kwd><kwd>эффективная доза пациентов</kwd><kwd>диагностическое оборудование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radionuclide diagnostics</kwd><kwd>radiofarmaceutials</kwd><kwd>effective dose</kwd><kwd>diagnostical equipment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forma statisticheskogo nabljudenija №3-DOZ. 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