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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История становления лаборатории дозиметрии природных источников в институте радиационной гигиены имени профессора п.В. Рамзаева: 1956–1970 годы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>the history of the natural sources dosimetry laboratory in st. petersburg research institute of radiation hygiene after professor p.v. ramzaev: 1. 1956–1970</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисаченко</surname><given-names>Э. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisachenk</surname><given-names>J. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Scientific Worker</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">journal@niirg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стамат</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stamat</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, заведующий лаборатории дозиметрии природных источников</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biology, Head of Natural Sources Dosimetry Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">istamat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лисаченко Э.П., Стамат И.П., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лисаченко Э.П., Стамат И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lisachenk J.P., Stamat I.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/258">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/258</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>В 2016 г</title><p>В 2016 г. исполняется 60 лет со дня основания Института радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева. Если говорить об Институте как о научно-исследовательской организации, то 60 лет – это не такой и большой период. Однако не следует забывать, что именно в эти 60 лет укладывается весь период зарождения и развития радиационной гигиены как науки. Ко времени основания Института прошло всего 11 лет после атомных бомбардировок Хиросимы и Нагасаки, шли интенсивные испытания атомного оружия, и уже не только узкий круг специалистов хорошо понимал катастрофические последствия воздействия ионизирующего излучения на население и окружающую среду. К этому времени в СССР уже работал знаменитый реактор Ф-1, и впереди открывались перспективы мирного использования атомной энергии. Все острее ощущалась необходимость научных исследований по защите населения и персонала, разработке приборного оснащения для исследований, специальной подготовке кадров и т.д. Поэтому создание Института было продиктовано самой жизнью и теми задачами, решение которых было невозможно без специализированной научно-исследовательской организации. </p><p>С первых дней создания основная область интересов специалистов Института была направлена на исследования техногенных источников излучения, ради чего он и создавался. Однако практически одновременно в Институте начинались исследования природной радиоактивности. Создавались приборы, которые обеспечивали идентификацию природных и техногенных радионуклидов на таких уровнях, которые и сегодня трудно достижимы. Ниже будет показано, что ряд из аппаратурных разработок 1960–1970-х гг. сохраняют свою уникальность даже в наше время. </p><p>В преддверии юбилея, нам представляется интересным и полезным оглянуться назад и вспомнить наиболее ярких ученых, которые внесли значимый вклад в становление Института как современной школы радиационной гигиены и отечественной гигиенической науки. В настоящей публикации описывается начальный период становления лаборатории дозиметрии природных источников. В последующем планируется отразить историю дальнейшего развития в лаборатории исследований природной радиоактивности как одного из основных источников облучения населения.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2016, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev celebrates 60-th anniversary since its’ foundation. Mindful of the Institute as the research organization 60 years is not too much but it was exactly that time period which spanned radiation hygiene’s origination and development as science. The Institute was established only just 11 years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, against the backdrop of nuclear weapons tests when the awareness of ionizing radiation’s disastrous consequences for population and environment was not just confined to a narrow circle of specialists. By that time the famous F-1 reactor had already been in operation and new perspectives of nuclear energy peaceful use were lying ahead. There had been an urgent need for scientific studies on personnel and population safety, for development of research hardware, for special personnel in-service training etc. So the Institute’s creation was necessitated by life itself, by objectives unthinkable without a specialized scientific research organization. </p><p>Since the very beginning, the Institute specialists mostly aimed at studying technogenic radiation sources. That was the very purpose of the Institute’s creation. Nevertheless almost simultaneously with that the Institute had initiated studies on natural  radioactivity. New devices had been created in order to identify natural and technogenic radionuclides at such levels which are hardly achievable even these days. It will be demonstrated below that some of the 1970s and 1980s hardware  developments retained their uniqueness. </p><p>Mindful of the upcoming jubilee we consider it expedient to think back to the most outstanding scientists who had made a profound contribution into the establishment of the Institute as the contemporary scientific school of radiation hygiene and domestic hygienic science. </p><p>This publication describes the infancy of the natural sources dosimetry laboratory. Subsequently it is planned to display the further advancement laboratory’s studies of natural radiation as one of population exposure major sources.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>природные и техногенные радионуклиды</kwd><kwd>счетчики излучений</kwd><kwd>передвижная лаборатория</kwd><kwd>сцинтилляционные и ионизационные детекторы</kwd><kwd>спектрометр излучений человека</kwd><kwd>тканевая дозиметрия</kwd><kwd>эффективная доза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural and technogenic radionuclides</kwd><kwd>radiation counters</kwd><kwd>mobile laboratory</kwd><kwd>scintillation and ionization detectors</kwd><kwd>whole body counter</kwd><kwd>tissue dosimetry</kwd><kwd>effective dose</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beschetnova O.I., Raevskij B.N., Romanov L.R. 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