<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДЕЗАКТИВАЦИЯ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ПОСЛЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DECONTAMINATION OF LOCALITIES IN THE BRYANSK REGION AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балонов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balonov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">journal@niirg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голиков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golikov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">journal@niirg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархоменко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhomenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">journal@niirg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Брянская государственная инженерно-технологическая академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bryansk State Academy for Engineering and Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЛЕНЭНЕРГО, Кингисепп</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lenenergo, Kingisepp</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балонов М.И., Голиков В.Ю., Пархоменко В.И., Пономарев А.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балонов М.И., Голиков В.Ю., Пархоменко В.И., Пономарев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balonov M.I., Golikov V.Y., Parkhomenko V.I., Ponomarev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/292">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье впервые на русском языке описан опыт кампании дезактивации населенных пунктов Зоны жесткого  контроля  Брянской  области,  которая  была  проведена  летом  1989  г.  силами  Гражданской обороны РСФСР совместно с сотрудниками НИИ радиационной гигиены. Приведены радиологические критерии  для  проведения  дезактивации,  рассмотрены  дозиметрические  аспекты  внешнего  облучения жителей. На основе расчетного моделирования и экспериментальных работ обоснованы рекомендации по дезактивации населенных пунктов. За 5 месяцев были дезактивированы 93 населенных пункта с на-селением около 90 тыс. человек. Повторные измерения через год и позднее показали отсутствие вторичного переноса радионуклидов на дезактивированные участки. Эффективность дезактивации оценили модельным расчетом и путем ТЛД-измерений дозы у жителей до и после дезактивации. Результаты двух оценок согласуются и составляют в среднем 20%. Коллективная эффективная доза, предотвращенная в результате дезактивации 1989 г., оценена в 350 чел.-Зв.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents at first time in Russian the experience of decontamination of settlements located in the ‘Strict control area’ of the Bryansk region. Large scale decontamination campaign was implemented in summer 1989 by Russian Civil Defence forces jointly with the experts of the Institute of Radiation Hygiene. Radiological criteria  for  decontamination  are  presented  and  external  dosimetry  of  the  public  considered.  Recommendations for  decontamination  of  settlements  were  developed  based  on  modeling  and  experiments.  During  five  months, 93  settlements  with  population  of  90  this.  were  decontaminated.  Repeated  radiation  measurements  next  year and  afterwards  proved  that  there  was  no  radioactive  re-contamination  of  the  treated  areas.  Effectiveness  of decontamination was estimated by modeling and by individual TLD measurements conducted before and after decontamination. The results of two methods agreed well and the average effectiveness was estimated as 20%. The collective effective dose averted by the decontamination works in 1989 was estimated as 350 man-Sv.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чернобыльская авария</kwd><kwd>облучение населения</kwd><kwd>дезактивация</kwd><kwd>доза внешнего облучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chernobyl accident</kwd><kwd>public exposure</kwd><kwd>decontamination</kwd><kwd>external dose</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атлас радиоактивного загрязнения европейской части России, Белоруссии и Украины / под ред. Ю.А. Израэля. – М.: Федеральная служба геодезии и картографии России, 1998. – 143 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Атлас радиоактивного загрязнения европейской части России, Белоруссии и Украины / под ред. Ю.А. Израэля. – М.: Федеральная служба геодезии и картографии России, 1998. – 143 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Де Корт, М. Атлас загрязнения Европы цезием после чернобыльской аварии / М. Де Корт [и др.]. – Люксембург: Европейская Комиссия, EUR 16733, 1998. – 176 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Де Корт, М. Атлас загрязнения Европы цезием после чернобыльской аварии / М. Де Корт [и др.]. – Люксембург: Европейская Комиссия, EUR 16733, 1998. – 176 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексахин, Р.М. Крупные радиационные аварии: последствия и зашитные меры / Р.М. Алексахин ; под ред. Л.А. Ильина и В.А. Губанова. – М.: ИЗДАТ, 2001. – 752 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алексахин, Р.М. Крупные радиационные аварии: последствия и зашитные меры / Р.М. Алексахин ; под ред. Л.А. Ильина и В.А. Губанова. – М.: ИЗДАТ, 2001. – 752 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Накопленные средние эффективные дозы (внешнего и внутреннего облучении всего тела жителей населенных пунктов Брянской, Калужской, Орловской, Тульской, Рязанской и Липецкой областей РФ за первый год после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и за период с 1986 до конца 1995 г.) / под ред. М.И. Балонова, М.Н. Савкина и В.А. Питкевича // Радиация и Риск, 1999. – 125 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Накопленные средние эффективные дозы (внешнего и внутреннего облучении всего тела жителей населенных пунктов Брянской, Калужской, Орловской, Тульской, Рязанской и Липецкой областей РФ за первый год после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и за период с 1986 до конца 1995 г.) / под ред. М.И. Балонова, М.Н. Савкина и В.А. Питкевича // Радиация и Риск, 1999. – 125 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернобыль. Пять трудных лет// Сборник материалов. – М.: ИЗДАТ, 1992. – 125 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чернобыль. Пять трудных лет// Сборник материалов. – М.: ИЗДАТ, 1992. – 125 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2013. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation (2013 Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes), Annex А. Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident after the 2011 great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami. – New York: United Nations; to be published , 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2013. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation (2013 Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes), Annex А. Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident after the 2011 great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami. – New York: United Nations; to be published , 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balonov, M.I. Theory and practice of a large-scale programme for the decontamination of the settlements affected by the Chernobyl accident / M.I. Balonov [et al.] // Proc. Int. Sem. on Intervention Levels and Countermeasures for Nuclear Accidents, Rep. EUR 14469. – Luxembourg 397–415 ,1992. – P. 397–415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balonov, M.I. Theory and practice of a large-scale programme for the decontamination of the settlements affected by the Chernobyl accident / M.I. Balonov [et al.] // Proc. Int. Sem. on Intervention Levels and Countermeasures for Nuclear Accidents, Rep. EUR 14469. – Luxembourg 397–415 ,1992. – P. 397–415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Protection of the Public in the Event of Major Radiation Accidents: Principles for Planning, Publication 40. – Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1984. – 22 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Protection of the Public in the Event of Major Radiation Accidents: Principles for Planning, Publication 40. – Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1984. – 22 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Principles for Intervention for Protection of the Public in a Radiological Emergency, ICRP Publication 63. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press,1993. – 30 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Principles for Intervention for Protection of the Public in a Radiological Emergency, ICRP Publication 63. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press,1993. – 30 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Application of the Commission's Recommendations for the Protection of People in Emergency Exposure Situations. ICRP Publication 109. Ann. ICRP 39 (1), 2009. – 105 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Application of the Commission's Recommendations for the Protection of People in Emergency Exposure Situations. ICRP Publication 109. Ann. ICRP 39 (1), 2009. – 105 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Commission on Radiological Protection. CostBenefit Analysis in the Optimization of Radiation, Publication 37 // Annals of the ICRP. – V. 10, Nos. 2/3. – 1983. – P. 1–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Commission on Radiological Protection. CostBenefit Analysis in the Optimization of Radiation, Publication 37 // Annals of the ICRP. – V. 10, Nos. 2/3. – 1983. – P. 1–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Optimization and Decision-Making in Radiological Protection, Publication 55 // Annals of the ICRP. – V. 20, № 1. – 1989. – P. 1–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Commission on Radiological Protection. Optimization and Decision-Making in Radiological Protection, Publication 55 // Annals of the ICRP. – V. 20, № 1. – 1989. – P. 1–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Commission on Radiological Protection. The Optimisation of Radiological Protection – Broadening the Process. ICRP Publication 101b // Ann. ICRP 36 (3). ICRP Publication 101b. Ann. ICRP 39 (1). – 2009. – P. 65–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Commission on Radiological Protection. The Optimisation of Radiological Protection – Broadening the Process. ICRP Publication 101b // Ann. ICRP 36 (3). ICRP Publication 101b. Ann. ICRP 39 (1). – 2009. – P. 65–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Предел индивидуальной дозы за жизнь, установленный для населения контролируемых районов РСФСР, БССР и УССР, подвергшихся радиоактивному загрязнению в результате аварии на ЧАЭС: утв. МЗ СССР 22.11.1988 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Предел индивидуальной дозы за жизнь, установленный для населения контролируемых районов РСФСР, БССР и УССР, подвергшихся радиоактивному загрязнению в результате аварии на ЧАЭС: утв. МЗ СССР 22.11.1988 г.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob, P. Monte Carlo Calculation and Analytical Approximation of Gamma-Rays Buildup Factors in Air / P. Jacob [et al.] // Nucl. Sci. Eng. – 1984. – V. 87. – Р. 113–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob, P. Monte Carlo Calculation and Analytical Approximation of Gamma-Rays Buildup Factors in Air / P. Jacob [et al.] // Nucl. Sci. Eng. – 1984. – V. 87. – Р. 113–122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob, P. Gamma-Ray Exposure from Contaminated Soil / Р. Jacob [et al.] // Nucl. Sci. Eng. – V. 93, 1986. – Р. 248–261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob, P. Gamma-Ray Exposure from Contaminated Soil / Р. Jacob [et al.] // Nucl. Sci. Eng. – V. 93, 1986. – Р. 248–261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golikov, V. Evaluation of conversion coefficients from measurable to risk quantities for external exposure over contaminated soil by use of ophysical human phantoms / V. Golikov [et al.] // Radiat. Environ. Biophys. – 2007. – V. 46 (4). – P. 375–382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golikov, V. Evaluation of conversion coefficients from measurable to risk quantities for external exposure over contaminated soil by use of ophysical human phantoms / V. Golikov [et al.] // Radiat. Environ. Biophys. – 2007. – V. 46 (4). – P. 375–382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golikov, V. Model validation for external doses due to environmental contamination by the Chernobyl accident / V. Golikov [et al.] // Health Physics. – 1999. – V. 77 (6). – Р. 654–661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golikov, V. Model validation for external doses due to environmental contamination by the Chernobyl accident / V. Golikov [et al.] // Health Physics. – 1999. – V. 77 (6). – Р. 654–661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по дезактивации сельских населенных пунктов в отдаленный период после радиоактивного загрязнения долгоживущими радионуклидами. Рабочий Документ ТС проекта RER/9/059. – Вена.: М АГАТЭ, 2001. – 103 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руководство по дезактивации сельских населенных пунктов в отдаленный период после радиоактивного загрязнения долгоживущими радионуклидами. Рабочий Документ ТС проекта RER/9/059. – Вена.: М АГАТЭ, 2001. – 103 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Practical Means for Decontamination 9 Years After a Nuclear Accident / Ed. by Roed J., Andersson K., Prip H. – Risoe-R828(EN), Risø National Lab., Roskilde, 1995. – 82 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Practical Means for Decontamination 9 Years After a Nuclear Accident / Ed. by Roed J., Andersson K., Prip H. – Risoe-R828(EN), Risø National Lab., Roskilde, 1995. – 82 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golikov, V. External exposure of the population living in areas of Russia contaminated due to the Chernobyl Acciden / V. Golikov [et al.] // Radiat. Environ. Biophys. – 2002. – P. 185–193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golikov, V. External exposure of the population living in areas of Russia contaminated due to the Chernobyl Acciden / V. Golikov [et al.] // Radiat. Environ. Biophys. – 2002. – P. 185–193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Международное Агентство по Атомной Энергии. Экологические последствия аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и их преодоление: Двадцатилетний опыт. – Вена.: МАГАТЭ, 2006. – 180 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Международное Агентство по Атомной Энергии. Экологические последствия аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и их преодоление: Двадцатилетний опыт. – Вена.: МАГАТЭ, 2006. – 180 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Международный Консультативный Комитет. Международный чернобыльский проект. Технический доклад «Оценка радиологических последствий и защитных мер». – Вена: МАГАТЭ, 1992. – 740 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Международный Консультативный Комитет. Международный чернобыльский проект. Технический доклад «Оценка радиологических последствий и защитных мер». – Вена: МАГАТЭ, 1992. – 740 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roed, J. Decontamination in a Russian settlement / J. Roed [et al.]. – Riso-R-870(EN). Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roed, J. Decontamination in a Russian settlement / J. Roed [et al.]. – Riso-R-870(EN). Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roed, J. Mechanical Decontamination Tests in Areas Affected by the Chernobyl Accident / J. Roed [et al.]. – Riso-R-1029(EN). Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1998. 26. Remediation of Contaminated Environments / Ed. by Voigt G., Fesenko. – S. Elsevier, 2008. – 477 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roed, J. Mechanical Decontamination Tests in Areas Affected by the Chernobyl Accident / J. Roed [et al.]. – Riso-R-1029(EN). Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1998. 26. Remediation of Contaminated Environments / Ed. by Voigt G., Fesenko. – S. Elsevier, 2008. – 477 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
