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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2016-9-4-16-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОЦЕНКА ДОЗЫ ОТ ПОСТУПЛЕНИЯ ОКИСИ ТРИТИЯ В ОРГАНИЗМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА: РОЛЬ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ТРИТИЯ В ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ ВЕЩЕСТВО ТКАНЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR INTAKE OF TRITIATED WATER IN HUMANS: ROLE OF TRITIUM INCORPORATION IN ORGANIC MATTER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балонов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balonov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций,</p><p>197101, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Science, Head, Radiation Hygiene Laboratory for Healthcare Bodies,</p><p>Mira St., 8, St. Petersburg, 191101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.balonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чипига</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chipiga</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь лаборатории защиты,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research engineer, Radiation Hygiene Laboratory for Healthcare Bodies,</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балонов М.И., Чипига Л.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балонов М.И., Чипига Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balonov M.I., Chipiga L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/387">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/387</self-uri><abstract><p>Тритий является одним из факторов внутреннего облучения человека как в производственных, так и в коммунальных условиях. В организм человека он поступает преимущественно в форме тритиевой воды путем ингаляции, с пищей и питьевыми жидкостями, а также через кожу, при этом небольшая его часть постепенно преобразуется в органически связанный тритий в результате биохимических процессов.</p><p>Целью данной работы был анализ вклада органически связанного трития в эффективную дозу у взрослого человека с помощью модели биокинетики с использованием данных измерений на людях. Для анализа в данной работе из 9 публикаций авторов из разных стран за 1968–1997 гг. были отобраны 6 исследований на 17 лицах, для которых приведены данные долгосрочных наблюдений за концентрацией трития в воде тела (моче), начиная с момента однократного поступления тритиевой воды. В работе использовались три двухкамерные модели биокинетики трития при поступлении в организм в форме тритиевой воды: возвратная модель с учетом процесса постепенного включения трития из тритиевой воды в органически связанный тритий и выведением тритиевой воды, модель с мгновенным превращением трития в органически связанный тритий и выведением тритиевой воды и модель с мгновенным превращением трития в органически связанный тритий и выведением тритиевой воды и органически связанного трития (МКРЗ). Модель МКРЗ не вполне отражает реалии обмена тритиевой воды в организме человека: отсутствует наблюдаемая 2-я экспонента содержания тритиевой воды в воде тела человека и участок накопления органически связанного трития. Номинальная доля органически связанного трития от поступления тритиевой воды (3%) в модели МКРЗ значительно выше результатов анализа по двум другим моделям: 0,4% и 0,8%. В результате оценка вклада органически связанного трития в среднюю дозу по первой модели составила от 1,8 до 4,6% у отдельных субъектов, а в среднем 3,0 ± 0,9%. Вычисления по второй модели дали оценку вклада органически связанного трития в среднюю дозу несколько выше: 3,6 ± 1,1%, а по третьей модели – 9%. Наблюдаемая динамика выведения трития с мочой хорошо описывается двухэкспоненциальными кривыми и служит основой для двухкамерного моделирования. Из рассмотренных трех видов моделей наиболее физиологична возвратная модель с выведением тритиевой воды. Вклад органически связанного трития в эффективную дозу может быть несколько выше, чем в усредненную по телу поглощенную дозу, вычисленную в данной работе. Приведенная система оценки дозы может быть применена при необходимости уточненной реконструкции индивидуальной поглощенной дозы в мягких тканях в случае аварийного поступления больших количеств трития.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tritium is one of the factors of internal exposure of the humans both in occupational and public environments. It enters the body mainly as tritiated water through inhalation, with food, drinks and through the skin; part of tritium gradually transforms into the metabolised organically bound tritium as a result of biochemical reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate organically bound tritium contribution to the effective dose of an adult using the biokinetic model and real dosimetric data. The data of long term monitoring from 6 studies with 17 workers or volunteers following single intake of tritiated water in the body were selected from 9 publications (1968-1997). Three two-compartment models of tritium biokinetics were used in this study: recurrent model with gradual transformation of tritium from tritiated water into organically bound tritium and tritiated water excretion; model with instant transformation of tritium into organically bound tritium and tritiated water excretion; model with instant transformation of tritium into organically bound tritium and both tritiated water and organically bound tritium excretion (according to ICRP). The ICRP model doesn’t properly reflect the real tritiated water metabolism in the human body: second exponent of the tritiated water content in the body water and accumulation of the organically bound tritium fraction are absent. The organically bound tritium fraction composes 3% of tritiated water in ICRP model. It is significantly higher compared to two other models (0,4% and 0,8%). According to the first model the contribution of OBT fraction to the mean dose varied from 1,8 to 4,6% for individuals; mean value was 3,0 ± 0,9%. According to the second model the contribution of organically bound tritium fraction was slightly higher: 3,6 ± 1,1%, according to the ICRP model – 9%. The dynamic of excretion of tritium with urine can be described with double-exponential curves and provides the basis for two-compartment modeling. The recurrent model with tritiated water excretion was more adjusted to human physiology. Contribution of organically bound tritium to effective dose can be somewhat higher than that to absorbed dose defined in this work. The presented dose assessment system can be used when specified individual absorbed dose reconstruction in tissues is necessary following accidental intake of large tritium activities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритий</kwd><kwd>двухкамерная модель</kwd><kwd>тритиевая вода</kwd><kwd>органически связанный тритий</kwd><kwd>дозиметрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tritium</kwd><kwd>tritiated water</kwd><kwd>two-compartment model</kwd><kwd>organically bound tritium</kwd><kwd>dosimetry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinson E.A. Langham W.H. Physiology and toxicology of tritium in man. Journal of Applied Physiology,1957, Vol. 10, №1, pp. 108-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinson E.A. Langham W.H. Physiology and toxicology of tritium in man. 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