radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2017-10-1-18-29radhyd-493Research ArticleНаучные статьиScientific articlesКалибровка и опробование портативного NaI(Tl) гамма-спектрометра-дозиметра для оценки вкладов терригенных радионуклидов и 137Cs в мощность амбиентного эквивалента дозы на открытом воздухеCalibration and testing of a portable NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer-dosimeter for evaluation of terrestrial radionuclides and 137Cs contributions to ambient dose equivalent rate outdoorsРамзаевВ. П.RamzaevV. P.

PhD, leading researcher

V.Ramzaev@mail.ruБарковскийА. Н.BarkovskyA. N.

the Head of the Laboratory of External Exposure

БернхардссонК.BernhardssonC.

PhD, senior researcher

МаттссонА.MattssonS.

professor

Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federationруппа медицинской физики, департамент естественных наук Лундского университета, университетский госпиталь региона СконаШвецияMedical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University HospitalSwedenГруппа медицинской физики, департамент естественных наук Лундского университета, университетский госпиталь региона СконаШвецияMedical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University HospitalSweden2017040420171011829Copyright © Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Бернхардссон К., Маттссон А., 20172017Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Бернхардссон К., Маттссон А.Ramzaev V.P., Barkovsky A.N., Bernhardsson C., Mattsson S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/493

Коммерчески доступный сцинтилляционный NaI(Tl) спектрометр-дозиметр был использован для дифференциальной оценки вклада естественных радионуклидов (семейство 238U, семейство 232Th и 40K) и 137Cs в мощность амбиентного эквивалента дозы (МАЭД), Ḣ*(10), определенную на открытом воздухе. Прибор был изначально откалиброван производителем для измерения: 1) МАЭД; 2) удельной активности 226Ra, 232Th, 40K и удельной эффективной активности естественных радионуклидов (Аэфф) в почве, сельскохозяйственной продукции, продуктах лесного хозяйства и строительных материалах; 3) плотности поверхностного загрязнения 137Cs. С целью определения значения коэффициента перехода от Аэфф к МАЭД, обусловленной естественными радионуклидами (МАЭДест), мы провели две серии дополнительных калибровочных измерений. Эти измерения были выполнены на открытом воздухе на 27 площадках, расположенных в г. Санкт-Петербург и в  Ленинградской области. Полученные результаты были обработаны с использованием метода линейного регрессионного анализа. Значение коэффициента перехода от Аэфф к МАЭДест оказалось равным 0,51 (нЗв/ч)/(Бк/кг). Этот коэффициент перехода рекомендуется применять с осторожностью и только для детекторов, похожих на тот, который был использован в настоящей работе (сборка на основе монокристалла NaI(Tl) 63 мм в диаметре и 63 мм в длину). Сумма собственного фона прибора и егоотклика на космическое излучение на уровне моря была оценена величиной 7 нЗв/ч. Спектрометрдозиметр и экспериментально полученные калибровочные факторы были опробованы в полевых условиях в Брянской области на семи площадках, сильно загрязненных чернобыльскими выпадениями. Вклад 137Cs в общую МАЭД колебался от 40% до 95%. Предварительные результаты настоящего исследования подтвердили перспективность использования полевой гамма-спектрометрии для оценки вкладов природных и техногенных источников в мощность амбиентного эквивалента дозына открытом воздухе.

A commercially available NaI(Tl) based spectrometer-dosimeter has been used to separate contributions of the terrestrial radionuclides (238U series, 232Th series and 40K) and 137Cs to the total ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER), Ḣ*(10) , outdoors. The device had been initially calibrated by the manufacturer to measure: 1) the total ADER; 2) activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and ‘effective’ activity concentration of the terrestrial radionuclides, ACeff, in soil, agricultural raw materials, forestry products and construction materials; and 3) ground contamination density by 137Cs. In order to derive a conversion coefficient from ACeff to the ADER stipulated by the terrestrial radionuclides (ADERTRN), two series of additional calibration measurements were performed. The calibration measurements were conducted at 27 outdoor locations in the center of St.-Petersburg and in the Leningradskaya region  (background areas). The conversion coefficient from ACeff to ADERTRN of 0.51 (nSv h–1)/(Bq kg–1) has been obtained using a regression analysis of experimental data. The intrinsic noise of the spectrometer and its response to cosmic radiation at sea level has been estimated to 7 nSv h–1. The calibration factors must be used with caution and only for detectors similar to the one employed in this study (assembly based on a NaI(Tl) single crystal, 63 mm in diameter and 63 mm in length). The spectrometer-dosimeter and experimentally derived calibration coefficients have been tested in field at seven sites in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region that had been heavily contaminated by Chernobyl fallout. The contribution of 137Cs to the total ADER varies between 40% and 95%. The preliminary results of the measurements confirm the potential of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry for assaying natural and artificial components of the ambient dose equivalent rate outdoors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.