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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2017-10-1-47-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практическая реализация концепции референтных диагностических уровней для оптимизации защиты пациентов при проведении стандартных рентгенографических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Practical implementation of the diagnostic reference levels concept for the common radiographic examinations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водоватов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodovatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vodovatoff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Водоватов А.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Водоватов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vodovatov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/496">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/496</self-uri><abstract><p>Современная защита пациентов от медицинского облучения основана, в первую очередь, на применении принципа оптимизации с использованием референтных диагностических уровней. Основным фактором, затрудняющим установление референтных диагностических уровней и проведение оптимизационных мероприятий на практике в Российской Федерации, является отсутствие надлежащей методологии сбора и обработки первичных данных, необходимых для определения доз отвыбранных рентгенорадиологических исследований, выявления причин аномально высоких или низких доз пациентов, а также проведения мероприятий по коррекции доз. В данной работе приведены научное обоснование концепции референтных диагностических уровней и практические рекомендации по их установлению и использованию в процессе проведения оптимизационных мероприятий в медицинских учреждениях применительно к стандартным рентгенографическим исследованиям.Для задач отечественной лучевой диагностики целесообразно устанавливать  референтные диагностические уровни как 75% перцентиль распределения рентгеновских кабинетов (аппаратов) по стандартным дозам для каждого из выбранных рентгенографических исследований. Приведена методология определения стандартных эффективных доз пациентов для рентгенографическихисследований для различных типов рентгеновских аппаратов. По результатам анализа данных, собранных в различных регионах Российской Федерации в 2009–2014 гг., предложены значения национальных референтных диагностических уровней в величине эффективной дозы для рентгенографических исследований головы, органов грудной клетки, шейного, грудного и пояснично-крестцовогоотделов позвоночника, брюшной полости и таза. Разработана методология проведения оптимизационных мероприятий в медицинских учреждениях, включающая в себя сравнение стандартных доз пациентов с установленными референтными диагностическими уровнями, идентификацию, расследование и устранение причин аномально высоких или низких доз пациентов. Коррекцию аномально высоких или низких доз пациентов целесообразно осуществлять в рамках программы обеспечениякачества рентгенорадиологических исследований на различных уровнях: от  повышения квалификации персонала и изменения параметров проведения рентгенографических исследований до замены оборудования. По результатам собственных исследований показано, что даже ограниченное проведение оптимизационных мероприятий позволит добиться снижения стандартных доз пациентов вплоть до полутора раз по сравнению с текущим уровнем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The modern approach to the radiation protection of the patients from medical exposure is mainly based on the principle of optimization using diagnostic reference levels. Implementation of diagnostic reference levels and optimization in Russian radiological practice is limited due to lack of methodology of data collection and patient dose assessment, investigation and management of abnormally high and low patient doses. Current study is focused on the justification of the diagnostic reference levels concept and practical aspects of establishment of diagnostic reference levels for common radiographic X-ray examinations and their use in clinical practice. It is proposed to establish diagnostic reference levels as the 75%-percentiles of X-ray unit distributionby the patient standard doses for a given X-ray examination. Methodology for standard doses assessment is presented for different types of X-ray units. Based on the results of dose data collection in different regions of the Russian Federation in 2009–2014, the national diagnostic reference levels values are estimated in terms of effective dose for the radiographic examinations of skull, chest, cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine,abdomen and pelvis. The methodology of the optimization process is developed for the hospital use. It includes a comparison of the patient standard doses with the national diagnostic reference levels, investigation and correction of abnormally high and low patient doses. A list of corrective measures is proposed: from additional training of the staff and manual adjustment of the parameters of examinations to the replacement of an X-ray unit. It is conferment that even a limited implementation of the optimization methodology would allow to reduce standard doses with a factor of 1,5.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>эффективная доза</kwd><kwd>референтный диагностический уровень</kwd><kwd>рентгенографические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>effective dose</kwd><kwd>diagnostic reference levels</kwd><kwd>radiography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Публикация МКРЗ 105. 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