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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2017-10-3-76-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-519</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ подходов к формированию контрольной группы в радоновых эпидемиологических исследованиях по типу случай – контроль</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of approaches to the formation of a control group in radon epidemiological case-control studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Онищенко Александра Дмитриевна – научный сотрудник </p><p>Адрес для переписки: 620990, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Софьи Ковалевской, д. 20. E-mail: onischenko@ecko.uran.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra D. Onishchenko – Researcher </p><p>For correspondence: Sofia Kovalevskaya str., 20, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia; Email: onischenko@ecko.uran.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onischenko@ecko.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вараксин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varaksin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуковский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukovsky</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт промышленной экологии Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Industrial Ecology of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Онищенко А.Д., Вараксин А.Н., Жуковский М.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Онищенко А.Д., Вараксин А.Н., Жуковский М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Onishchenko A.D., Varaksin A.N., Zhukovsky M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/519">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/519</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изучить влияние метода подбора контрольной группы в радоновом исследовании случай – контроль, а также влияние дополнительных аддитивных или мультипликативных факторов риска на результаты исследования. Материалы и методы: моделирование масштабного радонового эпидемиологического исследования по типу случай – контроль. Изучение влияния представительности величины подгруппы сравнения на результаты расчета отношения шансов возникновения радиационно-индуцированного рака легкого. Анализ различных вариантов стандартизации контрольной группы на корректность оценки зависимости доза – эффект. Разработка методов выявления факторов риска, влияющих на возникновение рака легкого, и определения механизма их влияния (аддитивный или мультипликативный). Результаты: показано, что недостаточная представительность подгруппы сравнения, используемой при расчете отношения шансов, может существенно исказить оценки зависимости доза – эффект. При наличии факторов (пол, курение и т. д.), коррелирующих как с заболеваемостью раком легкого, так и с объемной активностью радона (конфаундеров), необходима полная стандартизация по таким конфаундерам. Мультипликативные факторы риска, не являющиеся конфаундерами, не требуют дополнительной стандартизации при подборе контрольной группы. Расчет отношения шансов для различных факторов риска в подгруппах, различающихся уровнями спонтанной онкологической заболеваемости, позволяет выявить значимость данного фактора для возникновения рака легкого, и установить преимущественный механизм действия данного фактора (мультипликативный или аддитивный). Выводы: при проведении радонового исследования по типу случай – контроль необходимо выявление факторов риска, коррелирующих как с заболеваемостью раком легкого, так и с объемной активностью радона, оценка механизма действия данных факторов и полная стандартизация контрольной группы по ним. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives: Studying the influence of the method of selecting a control group in the radon case-control study on assessment of dose-effect dependence. Study the effect of additional additive or multiplicative risk factors on the results of the study. Materials and Methods: Simulation of a large-scale radon epidemiological case-control study. Analyzing of the influence of the representative value of the comparison subgroup on the results of calculating the odds ratio of the incidence of radiation-induced lung cancer. Analysis of different variants of standardization of the control group on the correctness of the dose-effect dependence. Development of methods for identifying risk factors that affect the incidence of lung cancer and determining the mechanism of their influence (additive or multiplicative). Results: It is shown that the insufficient representativeness of the comparison subgroup used in calculating the odds ratio can significantly distort the estimates of dose-effect dependence. In the presence of factors (sex, smoking, etc.), correlating both with the incidence of lung cancer and of radon concentration, complete standardization of such factors is necessary. Multiplicative risk factors without such correlation do not require additional standardization in the selection of a control group. Calculation of the odds ratio for various risk factors in subgroups differing in the levels of spontaneous cancer incidence allows to determine the significance of this factor for the incidence of lung cancer, and to establish the preferential mechanism of the influence of this factor (multiplicative or additive). Conclusions. When carrying out the radon case-control study, it is necessary to identify risk factors that correlate both with the incidence of lung cancer, and with the radon concentration, to assess the mechanism of action of these factors and to made the complete standardization of the control group for them.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радон</kwd><kwd>рак легкого</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>исследования случай – контроль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radon</kwd><kwd>lung cancer</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>case-control studies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNSCEAR, 2009. United Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic radiation (UNSCEAR). UNSCEAR 2006 Report: Annexe E: Source-to-effects assessment for radon in homes and workplaces. 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