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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-1-25-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-536</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФУКУСИМСКИЕ ВЫПАДЕНИЯ В САХАЛИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ РОССИИ. СООБЩЕНИЕ 1: 137CS И 134CS В ЛУГОВЫХ ПОЧВАХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 1: 137CS AND 134CS IN GRASSLAND SOILS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамзаев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramzaev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамзаев Валерий Павлович.</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery P. Ramzaev – PhD, leading researcher.</p><p>Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.Ramzaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барковский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkovsky</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly N. Barkovsky – the Head of the Laboratory of External Exposure</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey  V. Gromov  – the Head of the Laboratory on the Emergency Response</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Ivanov – researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадука</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaduka</surname><given-names>М. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Kaduka – PhD, the Head of the Laboratory of Radiochemistry</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский   научно-исследовательский   институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева;  Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты  прав потребителей  и благополучия  человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev; Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Громов А.В., Иванов С.А., Кадука М.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Громов А.В., Иванов С.А., Кадука М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramzaev V.P., Barkovsky A.N., Gromov A.V., Ivanov S.A., Kaduka М.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/536">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/536</self-uri><abstract><p>Радионуклиды  цезий-134  и  цезий-137,  выброшенные в  атмосферу в  результате  Фукусимской аварии, распространились по всему Северному полушарию. Для оценки рисков, связанных с воздействием Фукусимских выпадений, на российском Дальнем Востоке было проведено комплексное радиационногигиеническое обследование. Одной из целей этого проекта являлось определение плотности загрязнения почвы 137Cs и 134Cs на острове Сахалин и Курильских островах, которые входят в состав Сахалинской области, одного из субъектов Российской Федерации. В 2011 г. образцы почвы были отобраны на лугах островов Сахалин, Кунашир и Шикотан, и результаты исследования 2011 г. были опубликованы ранее. В настоящем исследовании содержание 137Cs и 134Cs было определено в образцах почвы, отобранных в 2012 г. на островах Кунашир, Итуруп, Уруп и Парамушир. Согласно нашим исследованиям, проведенным в 2011–2012 гг., было получено, что плотность поверхностного загрязнения почвы 134Cs из Фукусимских выпадений на 37 целинных луговых участках в Сахалинской области варьировалась от 8 Бк/м2 до 345 Бк/ м2 (по состоянию на 15 марта 2011 г.). На эту дату активности 137Cs и 134Cs в Фукусимских выпадениях были  одинаковы.  Наибольшая  плотность  Фукусимских  выпадений  была  обнаружена на  Южных Курильских островах. В 2011 и 2012 гг. радиоцезий Фукусимского происхождения был выявлен только в верхнем 5-сантиметровом слое почвы на всех участках, за исключением одного, где ~ 20% от общего запаса 134Cs было найдено на глубине 5–10 см. В период с сентября 2011 г. по сентябрь 2012 г. запас 134Cs в почве снизился приблизительно на 26% на четырех участках, выбранных для долгосрочных наблюдений. Уменьшение запаса 134Cs соответствовало снижению (на 29%) активности 134Cs из-за радиоактивного распада. Величина запаса дофукусимского 137Cs в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое почвы колебалась от 53 Бк/м2 до 3630 Бк/м2.  В среднем референтный запас дофукусимского 137Cs для 13 представительных участков составил 2600 Бк/м2. Следовательно, Фукусимская авария добавила относительно небольшое количество активности 137Cs в луговых почвах Сахалинской области: около 3% (~80 Бк/м2) в среднем и 15% (~350 Бк/м2) в максимуме. Такое дополнительное радиоактивное загрязнение абсолютно безопасно с радиационно-гигиенической точки зрения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The  caesium-134  and  caesium-137  radionuclides released into the atmosphere as a  result of the Fukushima accident were dispersed over the entire Northern Hemisphere. To assess the risks associated with the exposure due to Fukushima fallout, a comprehensive radiological survey was performed in the Russian Far East. One of the objectives of the project was to determine the densities of ground contamination by 137Cs and 134Cs on Sakhalin and Kuril Islands that constitute the Sakhalin oblast, an administrative region of Russia. In 2011, soil samples were collected at grasslands on Sakhalin, Kunashir and Shikotan Islands and results of the 2011 survey were published earlier. In the present study, activities of 137Cs and 134Cs were measured in soil samples obtained on Kunashir, Iturup, Urup and Paramushir Islands in 2012. From the studies carried out in 2011–2012,  it was estimated that the Fukushima-derived 134Cs inventory at 37 undisturbed grassland sites in the Sakhalin oblast varied from 8 Bq m−2 to 345 Bq m−2 (as of 15 March 2011). For this date, the inventory of the 137Cs radionuclide originated from the Fukushima NPP was assumed to be the same as that of the 134Cs radionuclide. The southern Kuril Islands were the most contaminated due to Fukushima fallout. In 2011 and 2012, Fukushima-derived radiocaesium was detected only in the top 5 cm layer of soil at all sites, excluding one, where ~20% of the 134Cs inventory was found at a depth of 5–10  cm. In the period September 2011– September 2012, the inventory of 134Cs declined by ~26% at four plots selected for long-term observations. The decline in the 134Cs inventory closely corresponded to the reduction (29%) of 134Cs activity due to radioactive decay. Pre-accidental inventory of 137Cs in the top 20 cm layer of soil ranged from 53 Bq m−2 to 3630 Bq m−2. The mean reference inventory of pre-accidental 137Cs for 13 representative sites was amounted as 2600 Bq m−2. Hence, the Fukushima accident added relatively small quantities of radioactivity to the reference preaccidental inventory of 137Cs in grassland soils in the Sakhalin region: about 3% (~80 Bq m−2) on the average and 15% (~350 Bq m−2) at the maximum. Such small additional radioactive contamination is absolutely safe from a radiological point of view.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Фукусима</kwd><kwd>Сахалинская область</kwd><kwd>Курильские острова</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>луга</kwd><kwd>134Cs</kwd><kwd>137Cs</kwd><kwd>плотность загрязнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fukushima</kwd><kwd>Sakhalin Region</kwd><kwd>Kuril Islands</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>grassland</kwd><kwd>134Cs</kwd><kwd>137Cs</kwd><kwd>inventory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNSCEAR – United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 2014. UNSCEAR 2013 Report. Annex A: Levels and Effects of Radiation Exposure Due to the Nuclear Accident After the 2011 Great East-Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. 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