radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2-7-19radhyd-550Research ArticleНаучные статьиScientific articlesФУКУСИМСКИЕ ВЫПАДЕНИЯ В САХАЛИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ РОССИИ, СООБЩЕНИЕ 2: 137Cs И 134Cs В ЛУГОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЯХFUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATIONРамзаевВ. П.RamzaevV. P.

Valery P. Ramzaev – PhD, leading researcher.

Mira str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101

V.Ramzaev@mail.ruБарковскийА. Н.BarkovskyA. N.

Anatoly N. Barkovsky – Head of the Federal radiological center

ГромовА. В.GromovA. V.

Alexey V. Gromov – the Head of the Laboratory on the Emergency Response

ИвановС. А.IvanovS. A.

Sergey A. Ivanov – researcher

КадукаМ. В.KadukaM. V.

Marina V. Kaduka – PhD, the Head of the Laboratory of Radiochemistry

Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federation201812072018112719Copyright © Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Громов А.В., Иванов С.А., Кадука М.В., 20182018Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Громов А.В., Иванов С.А., Кадука М.В.Ramzaev V.P., Barkovsky A.N., Gromov A.V., Ivanov S.A., Kaduka M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550

Образцы растительности (сосудистые растения) были собраны в августе – сентябре 2012 г. на 14 лугах островов Кунашир, Итуруп, Уруп и Парамушир. Все обследованные луга представляли собой целинные участки в отношении фукусимских выпадений. Четыре участка использовались в качестве пастбищ для крупного рогатого скота. Около 1 кг зеленой растительности (смешанные травяные сообщества) было отобрано с каждого из 13 участков. Для сравнения на 7 участках были отобраны пробы полыни (Artemisia sp.) и на 3 участках – пробы курильского карликового бамбука (Sasa sp.) той же массы. На одном из участков была определена плотность надземной биомассы. Активность радионуклидов 134Cs и 137Cs определяли методом прямой γ-спектроскопии с использованием детекторов из особо чистого германия. Запасы 134Cs и 137Cs в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое почвы для каждого из этих 14 участков были оценены авторами ранее на основе анализа проб почвы. Цезий-134, маркер фукусимских выпадений, был выявлен в 18 из 24 образцов растительности. Активность 137Cs была количественно определена во всех пробах. Удельная активность радионуклидов в растениях (по влажному весу) варьировала от <0,05 Бк⋅кг-1 до 1,6 Бк⋅кг-1 для 134Сs и от 0,06 Бк⋅кг-1 до 5,8 Бк⋅кг-1 для 137Сs. Около 2/5 (медиана=41%, n=18) от общей активности 137Cs в растениях было связано с Фукусимской аварией. Значения агрегированного коэффициента переноса почва – растение (Tag) в смешанных травяных сообществах (исключая Artemisia sp. и Sasa sp.) варьировали от <0,2.10–3 до 11.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 134Cs и от 0,08.10–3 до 3,3.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 137Cs. Значения Tag для 134Cs были статистически значимо большими по сравнению со значениями Tag для 137Cs. Медианное значение Tag для 134Cs в травяных сообществах снизилось в период 2011–2012 гг. в 2 раза: с 12.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 до 6,6.10–3 м2⋅кг-1. Период экологического полуочищения ( Teco) для «нового» радиоцезия фукусимского происхождения был равен 1 году. Медианное значение Tag для дофукусимского 137Cs в травяных сообществах оценивается величиной 0,12.10–3 м2⋅кг-1. Эта цифра примерно в 100 и 50 раз меньше по сравнению с медианными значениями Tag, оцененными для фукусимского радиоцезия в 2011 г. и 2012 г. соответственно. Значения Tag для радиоцезия в Sasa sp. и Artemisia sp. были близки к таковым в смешанных травяных сообществах. На лугах с плотностью надземной биомассы 1 кг⋅м–2 и Tag, равном 6 . 10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 134Cs, вклад загрязнения растительности в общий запас радионуклида не превышал 1%. Для 137Cs данный вклад составлял менее 0,1%.

Samples of vegetation (vascular plants) were collected at 14 grasslands on Kunashir, Iturup, Urup and Paramushir Islands in August–September 2012. All surveyed grasslands were virgin lands with respect to Fukushima fallout. Four plots were used as pastures for cattle in 2012. About 1 kg of green vegetation (mixed grass-forb crop) was taken from each of 13 plots. Seven samples of wormwood (Artemisia sp.) and three samples of Kuril dwarf bamboo (Sasa sp.) of the same mass were collected for comparison. A density of the above ground biomass was estimated at one of the plots. Activities of 134Cs and 137Cs radionuclides were determined by direct γ-ray spectrometry method using HP-germanium detectors. Inventories of 134Cs and 137Cs in the top 20 cm layer of soil were estimated by the authors earlier for each of these 14 plots based of the soil samples analysis. Caesium-134, a marker of Fukushima fallout, was determined in 18 of 24 vegetation samples. Caesium-137 activity was quantified in all of 24 samples. The activity concentration of the radionuclides in plants (wet weight) ranged from <0.05 Bq kg−1 to 1.6 Bq kg-1 for 134Cs and from 0.06 Bq kg−1 to 5.8 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs. About 2/5 (median = 41%, n = 18) of the total activity of 137Cs in plants was associated with the Fukushima accident. The soil-to-plant aggregated transfer coefficient (Tag) values in mixed grass-forb crop ranged from <0.2 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 11 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 134Cs and from 0.08 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 3.3 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 137Cs. The Tag values for 134Cs were statistically significantly higher compared to the Tag values for 137Cs. The median Tag for 134Cs in mixed grass-forb crop decreased in the 2011–2012 period by a factor of about two: from 12 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 6.6 × 10–3 m2 kg-1. The ecological half-time, Teco, of 134Cs in the plants was approximately one year. In 2011–2012, the median Tag for pre-Fukushima 137Cs in mixed grass-forb crop was estimated as 0.12 × 10–3 m2 kg-1. This value is lower by a factor of 100 and 50 compared to the median values of Tag that were deduced for Fukushima-derived radiocaesium in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The radiocaesium Tag values for Sasa sp. and Artemisia sp. agreed with those for mixed grass-forb crop. At grasslands with the aboveground biomass density of 1 kg m–2 and the Tag of 6 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 134Cs, the contribution of the vegetation contamination to total inventory of the radionuclide did not exceed 1%. For 137Cs, this contribution was less than 0.1%.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.