radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2019-12-1-36-51radhyd-594Research ArticleНаучные статьиScientific articlesОценка мощности воздушной кермы гамма-излучения 137Cs и 134Cs, выпавших на почву в Сахалинской области России после Фукусимской аварииEstimation of the air kerma rate from 137Cs and 134Cs deposited on the ground in the Sakhalin region of Russia after the Fukushima accidentРамзаевВ. П.RamzaevV. P.

кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории внешнего облучения

197101, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of External Exposure

Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia

V.Ramzaev@mail.ruБарковскийА. Н.BarkovskyA. N.

руководитель

Head of the Federal Radiological Centre

Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federation2019270320191213651Copyright © Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., 20192019Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н.Ramzaev V.P., Barkovsky A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/594

Предыдущие исследования, проведенные Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека (Роспотребнадзор) в Сахалинской области (Россия) в 2011–2012 гг., показали, что почва на южных Курильских островах была загрязнена  <sub>137</sub>Cs и <sub>134</sub>Cs вследствие аварии на АЭС «Фукусима-1». Мы вычислили мощность кермы в воздухе, используя ранее опубликованные данные о вертикальном распределении фукусимского радиоактивного цезия в почве на лугах островов Кунашир, Шикотан и Итуруп. Тем же методом была оценена мощность воздушной кермы от гамма-излучения <sub>137</sub>Cs, содержавшимся в почве до фукусимских выпадений. В период с мая 2011 г. по сентябрь 2012 г. мощность кермы от новых выпадений радиоактивного цезия варьировала от 0,31 до 0,84 нГр/ч. В среднем вклад излучения фукусимских  <sub>137</sub>Cs и <sub>134</sub>Cs в общую мощность воздушной кермы от радиоактивного цезия составил 35% осенью 2011 г. и 25% осенью 2012 г. Средняя нормализованная мощность кермы от излучения фукусимского 137Cs составляла 1,63 (нГр/ч)/(кБк/м2) в середине мая 2011 г., 1,53 (нГр/ч)/(кБк/м2) осенью 2011 г. и 1,45 (нГр/ч)/(кБк/м2) осенью 2012 г. Средняя нормализованная мощность кермы излучения дофукусимского <sub>137</sub>Cs на целинных лугах составила 0,77 (нГр/ч)/(кБк/м2). Результаты наших расчетов для мощности кермы от фукусимского <sub>137</sub>Cs хорошо соответствовали прогнозу модели НКДАР ООН 2013 г., которая использовалась для оценки доз внешнего облучения населения Японии после Фукусимской аварии. Для дофукусимского <sup>137</sup>Cs  модель НКДАР ООН недооценивала расчетную нормализованную мощность кермы в Сахалинской области примерно на 40%. Наши расчеты показали, что надземная биомасса травянистых растений практически не влияла на мощность воздушной кермы гамма-излучения радиоактивного цезия, содержащегося в почве. Выпадения <sub>137</sub>Cs и <sub>134</sub>Cs после аварии на АЭС «Фукусима-1» не привели к сколь либо значимому увеличению мощности дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе над почвой Курильских островов. В 2019–2020 гг. вклад радиоактивного цезия в суммарную мощность дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе не будет превышать 5%.

Previous studies conducted by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor) in Sakhalin Region, Russia in 2011–2012 have shown that soils on the southern Kuril Islands were contaminated with 137Cs and 134Cs due to the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP. In this study, we evaluated the air kerma rate from 137Cs and 134Cs using earlier published data on the vertical distribution of Fukushima-derived radiocaesium in the soil at grasslands on the islands of Kunashir, Shikotan and Iturup. The air kerma rate due to gamma-rays from pre-Fukushima 137Cs was estimated as well. In the period from May 2011 to September 2012, the air kerma rate due to the fresh fallout of radioactive caesium varied from 0.31 to 0.84 nGy h−1. On average, the contribution of the radiation from Fukushima-derived 134Cs and 137Cs to the total air kerma rate from radioactive cesium was 35% in the fall of 2011 and 25% in the fall of 2012. The mean normalized kerma rate from Fukushima-derived 137Cs was estimated at a level of 1.63 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2 in mid-May 2011, 1.53 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2 in autumn 2011 and 1.45 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2 in autumn 2012. The mean normalized air kerma rate from pre-Fukushima 137Cs at reference undisturbed grasslands was estimated as 0.77 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2. The results of our calculations of the air kerma rate from Fukushima-derived 137Cs were in good agreement with the forecast of the 2013 UNSCEAR model, which was used to estimate the external doses of the Japanese population after the Fukushima accident. For pre-Fukushima 137Cs, the UNSCEAR model underestimated the calculated normalized air kerma rates in Sakhalin Region by approximately 40%. Our calculations showed that, overall, the aboveground biomass of herbaceous plants had practically no effect on the air kerma rate from radioactive cesium contained in the soil. The fallout of 134Cs and 137Cs after the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP did not lead to any significant increase in the gamma dose rate in the air at grasslands on Kuril Islands. In 2019–2020, the contribution of radiocaesium to the total gamma dose rate in air will not exceed 5%. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.