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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2019-12-2-44-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-613</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Улучшенные модели оценки радиационного риска для отдельных когорт пациентов в Швеции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improved radiation risk models applied to different patient groups in Sweden</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андерссон</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andersson</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андерссон Мартин - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>Мальмё, Университетский госпиталь округа Скона</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andersson Martin - PhD, leading researcher.</p><p>Malmo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эккерман</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eckerman</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эккерман Кейт - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Оук Ридж, Теннесси</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eckerman Keith - PhD, senior researcher.</p><p>Oak Ridge, TN</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павел</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pawel</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Девид - кандидат биологических наук, статистик.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pawel David - PhD, statistician. </p><p>Washington</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олмен</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Almen</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олмен Анья - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Мальмё, Университетский госпиталь округа Скона</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almen Anja - PhD, senior researcher.</p><p>Malmo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маттссон</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mattsson</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маттссон Сорен - кандидат биологических наук, профессор.</p><p>ITM, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Malmo, SE-205 02 Malmo</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mattsson Soren - PhD, PhD(h.c.), professor.</p><p>SE-205 02 Malmo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soren.mattsson@med.lu.se</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Группа медицинской физики отдела трансляционной медицины Лундского университета</institution><country>Швеция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine</institution><country>Sweden</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр данных по радиационной защите, Национальная лаборатория Ок-Ридж</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Агентство по защите окружающей среды США</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андерссон М., Эккерман К., Павел Д., Олмен А., Маттссон С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андерссон М., Эккерман К., Павел Д., Олмен А., Маттссон С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andersson M., Eckerman K., Pawel D., Almen A., Mattsson S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/613">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/613</self-uri><abstract><p>В лучевой диагностике и терапии крайне важно, чтобы медицинский персонал (врачи-рентгенологи, лечащие врачи, радиационные онкологи и пр.) имели представление о том, какую дозу облучения получил пациент от различных рентгенорадиологических исследований и с каким риском для здоровья эта доза связана. Медицинский персонал несет ответственность за информирование пациентов и их законных представителей о достоинствах и недостатках выбранных исследований или планов лечения. Так, например, необходимость оценки и коммуникации рисков в контексте использования ионизирующего излучения в медицине особо отмечена в Федеральном законе ФЗ-3 «О радиационной безопасности населения» в Россйской Федерации и в директиве Евросоюза 2013/59/EURATOM 2014. Наиболее распространенным способом выражения вреда от низких доз ионизирующего излучения является использование эффективной дозы, которая, хотя и является основной величиной в радиационной защите, не предназначена для оценки рисков от медицинского облучения. Ее задачей является обеспечение оптимизации радиационной защиты персонала (людей в возрасте 18—65лет) и населения — групп с возрастным распределением, резко отличающимся от возрастных распределений пациентов. В данном исследовании величина пожизненного атрибутивного риска была использована для оценки избыточного риска получить и умереть от радиогенного рака различной нозологии. Оценки значений пожизненного атрибутивного риска основывались на трех переменных: пол, возраст дожития и возраст при облучении, что позволило определить риски развития радиогенного рака с учетом пола и возраста пациентов. Изначально были использованы коэффициенты пожизненного атрибутивного риска, разработанные Агентством по защите окружающей среды США, которые позволяют оценить избыточные радиогенные раки для нормальной популяции США. В данной работе значения коэффициентов пожизненного атрибутивного риска были изменены с учетом специфики здорового шведского населения, а также когорт шведских пациентов, проходящих различные рентгенорадиологические исследования и курсы лучевой терапии, время дожития которых существенно отличалось от такового для обычного населения. Для шведских мужчин, при условии, что все органы организма получили одну и ту же поглощенную дозу и облучение произошло в возрасте 20, 40 и 70 лет, соответствующие коэффициенты пожизненного атрибутивного риска (Гр-1) составили 0,11, 0,068, и 0,038 соответственно, что ниже по сравнению с аналогичными данными для американских мужчин — 0,13, 0,077, и 0,040 соответственно. Для шведских женщин, при условии, что все органы организма получили одну поглощенную дозу и облучение произошло в возрасте 40 лет с диагнозом рака груди, прямой кишки или печени, коэффициенты пожизненного атрибутивного риска (Гр-1) составили 0,064, 0,034, и 0,0038 соответственно, что существенно ниже значения 0,073 в случае облучения 40-летних женщин, у которых диагноз рака установлен не был.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In radiological diagnostics and therapy, it is important that practitioners, referrers, (i.e. radiologists, radiation oncologists and others in health-care) are aware of how much radiation a patient may receive from the various procedures used and associated health risk. The profession has a duty to inform patients or their representatives of the advantages and disadvantages of specific investigations or treatment plans. The need to estimate and communicate risks in connection with medical use of ionizing radiation is highlighted e.g. in the Russian Federation State Law No 3, §17.2,1996 and in the EU directive (2013/59/EURATOM 2014). The most commonly used way to express harm in relation to low doses of ionizing radiation is use of the quantity effective dose (E). Effective dose, a radiation protection quantity, however is not intended to provide risk estimates for medical exposures. Its purpose is to optimize conditions for radiation workers (18-65 years) or the general public; all groups with age distributions that differ from patients. In this paper the lifetime attributable risk was used to estimate the excess risk of receiving and dying of radiogenic cancer. The lifetime attributable risk estimations are generated from three different variables, gender, attained age and age at exposure giving the possibility to create age and gender specific cancer risk estimations. Initially, the US Environmental Protection Agency lifetime attributable risk coefficients which are intended to predict the cancer risk from ionizing radiation to a normal US population were applied. In this work, the lifetime attributable risk predictions were modified to the normal Swedish population and to cohorts of Swedish patients undergoing radiological and nuclear medicine examinations or treatments with survival times that differfrom the normal population. For Swedish males, all organs were given the same absorbed dose, exposed at 20, 40 and 70 years, the lifetime attributable risk coefficients (Gy-1) were 0.11, 0.068, and 0.038, respectively, which is lower than the corresponding figures for US males, 0.13, 0.077, and 0.040. For Swedish females, all organs were given the same absorbed dose, exposed at 40 years of age with a diagnosis of breast, colon or liver cancer, the lifetime attributable risk coefficients are 0.064, 0.034, and 0.0038, respectively, which is much lower than if a 40 years female without known cancer is exposed, 0.073.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эффективная доза</kwd><kwd>пожизненный атрибутивный риск</kwd><kwd>оценка радиационного риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>effective dose</kwd><kwd>life time attributable risk</kwd><kwd>radiation risk predictions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный закон «О радиационной безопасности населения» от 09.01.l996 N 3-ФЗ. 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