radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2019-12-2-55-65radhyd-614Research ArticleНаучные статьиScientific articlesМетод и компьютерная программа расчета доз фотонного излучения в фантомах тела человекаMethod and software for photon dose calculation in phantoms of human bodyГоликовВ. Ю.GolikovV. Yu.

Голиков Владислав Юрьевич - старший научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций.

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8

Vladislav Yu. Golikov - Senior Researcher of the Medical Protection Laboratory.

Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101

sg235@rambler.ruСанкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federation2019280620191225565Copyright © Голиков В.Ю., 20192019Голиков В.Ю.Golikov V.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/614

В статье представлен метод и разработанная на его основе компьютерная программа расчета дозиметрических характеристик, необходимых для оценки или ограничения воздействия ионизирующего излучения (средние органные дозы, эффективная доза, распределение поглощенной дозы в критическом органе), на основе измеряемых характеристик полей фотонного излучения (керма в воздухе, показания индивидуальных дозиметров) с энергией 0,02—10 МэВ. Программа позволяет рассчитывать значения более чем 20 средних органных доз в восьми расчетных моделях тела взрослого человека и детей, эффективную дозу, распределение поглощенной дозы в красном костном мозге. Кроме того, рассчитываются отношения значений эффективной дозы к показаниям «индивидуальных дозиметров», размещенных в 48 фиксированных точках на поверхности фантома. Разработанный расчетный метод и компьютерная программа могут быть эффективно использованы: 1) для расчета доз внешнего облучения и прогноза степени радиационного поражения в случаях острого аварийного облучения персонала и населения; 2) при разработке моделей облучения персонала, работающего в полях с резко неравномерным распределением их характеристик по пространству, занимаемому человеком; 3) при планировании контрмер при ликвидации последствий радиоактивного загрязнения территорий (расчет маршрутов и времени пребывания персонала в опасных зонах); 4) при обучении и тренинге персонала, участвующего в расследовании и ликвидации последствий радиационных аварий.

The current study is focused on the development of the method of the calculation of the dose quantities required for the assessment or limitation of the ionizing exposure (mean organ doses, effective dose, distribution of the absorbed dose in the critical organ) based on the measured characteristics of the fields of the photon computational (kerma free-in-air, readings of the individual dosimeters) with the energy of 0,02-10 mEv. The dedicated software was developed based on the results of the study, allowing estimating the values of more than 20 mean organ doses, effective dose and the distribution of the absorbed dose in the red bone marrow in 8 computational children and adult models. Additionally, it is possible to calculate the ratios of the effective dose to the readings of the “individual dosimeters”, placed in 48fixed points on the phantom surface. The developed method and software can be used for: (1) calculation of the doses from external exposure and estimation of the level of the radiation injuries in case of the acute radiation exposure of the staff and public; (2) development of the models of the exposure of the staff working in the radiation fields with non-uniform distribution of their characteristics; (3)planning of the countermeasures for the remediation of the consequences of the radioactive contamination (calculation of the routes and working time in contaminated zones); (4) education and training of the staff participating in the investigation and remediation of the consequences of the radioactive contamination.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.