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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2019-12-3-27-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-639</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вертикальное распределение 137Cs в дерново-подзолистой песчаной почве на лугах и в лесах Брянской области в 2015–2016 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vertical distribution of 137Cs in soddy-podzolic sandy soil in grasslands and forests of the Bryansk region in 2015–2016</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамзаев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramzaev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамзаев Валерий Павлович – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории внешнего облучения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery P. Ramzaev – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of External Exposure</p><p>Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.Ramzaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барковский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkovsky</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барковский Анатолий Николаевич – руководитель Федерального радиологического центра</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly N. Barkovsky – Head of the Federal Radiological Centre</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>K V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варфоломеева Ксения Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya V. Varfolomeeva – Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Ecology</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Варфоломеева К.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., Варфоломеева К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramzaev V.P., Barkovsky A.N., Varfolomeeva K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/639">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/639</self-uri><abstract><p>Вертикальное распределение природных и техногенных радионуклидов в почвенном профиле является определяющим параметром при вычислении мощности дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе над поверхностью земли и эффективной дозы внешнего облучения человека. Основной целью настоящей работы являлось определение вертикального распределения 137Cs в дерново-подзолистой песчаной и супесчаной почве в лесах и на лугах в юго-западных районах Брянской области в отдаленном периоде после Чернобыльской аварии. В 2015–2016 гг. на 7 целинных луговых и 13 лесных участках были отобраны керны почвы до глубины 20 см. Керны разрезали на горизонтальные слои толщиной 2 см. Определение активности 137Cs в пробах проводили при помощи полупроводникового гамма-спектрометра с размещением детектора и счетного образца внутри низкофоновой камеры. Удельная активность в пробах сухой почвы (n = 200) варьировала от 6,35 Бк/кг до 83300 Бк/кг при среднем значении 4550 Бк/кг. На лугах в трех случаях максимальная удельная активность была определена в самом верхнем слое. С увеличением глубины удельная активность снижалась и достигала минимума в наиболее глубоких слоях. Разница между поверхностным и самым глубоким слоем составила два-три порядка величины. На трех других лугах отмечалось сравнительно равномерное распределение 137Cs в верхних 4–6 см с последующим уменьшением удельной активности с нарастанием глубины. На одном луговом участке пик активности 137Cs был обнаружен на глубине 4–6 см. В лесу наиболее типичным (в 10 случаях) было наличие выраженного максимума удельной активности 137Cs в самом верхнем слое. Экспериментально полученные значения общего запаса 137Cs в верхних 20 см почвы на площадках находились в диапазоне от 42 до 1940 кБк/м2. Значения запаса 137Cs положительно и статистически значимо коррелировали с официально установленными уровнями поверхностного загрязнения цезием-137 территории близлежащих населенных пунктов. Вертикальная миграция радиоцезия в почве на обследованных участках, в основном, ограничивалась верхними 10 см, которые в среднем содержали 94% от общего запаса 137Сs, находящегося в 20-сантиметровом слое почвы. Менее 1% общего запаса 137Cs было обнаружено в самом нижнем отобранном слое почвы (18–20 см). Полученные распределения активности 137Сs были использованы для вычисления мощности кермы в воздухе на высоте 1 м над почвой на обследованных площадках. Значения мощности воздушной кермы находились в диапазоне от 52 до 2240 нГр/ч (в среднем – 807 нГр/ч). Запас цезия-137, содержавшийся в верхних 6 см почвы, определял около 95% и 90% мощности кермы в лесу и на лугу соответственно. Радиоцезий, мигрировавший в почву на глубину более 10–12 см, давал пренебрежимо малый вклад (менее 1%) в мощность кермы гамма-излучения в воздухе. В практическом плане это свидетельствует о том, что глубина пробоотбора почвы, равная 20 см, в настоящее время вполне достаточна для оценки мощности дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе на целинных лугах и в лесах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vertical distribution of natural and man-made radionuclides in the soil profile is a decisive parameter when calculating the dose rate of gamma radiation in the air above the ground and the effective dose of external human exposure. The main purpose of this work was to determine vertical distribution of 137Cs in soddy-podzolic sandy and sandy-loam soils in forests and grasslands in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident. In 2015–2016, soil cores were sampled in 7 virgin meadows and 13 forested areas to a depth of 20 cm. The cores were cut into horizontal layers 2 cm thick. The 137Cs activity in the samples was determined using a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The activity concentration in samples of dry soil (n = 200) ranged from 6.35 Bq/kg to 83300 Bq/kg with an average of 4550 Bq/kg. In the meadows in three cases, the maximum activity concentration was determined in the uppermost layer. With increasing depth, the activity concentration decreased and reached a minimum in the deepest layers. A difference between the surface layer and the deepest layer was two to three orders of magnitude. The three other meadows showed a relatively uniform distribution of 137Cs in the upper 4–6 cm, followed by a decrease in activity concentration with an increase in depth. In one meadow area, a peak of the 137Cs activity was found at a depth of 4–6 cm. In the forest, the most typical (in 10 cases) was the presence of a pronounced maximum activity concentration of 137Cs in the uppermost layer. The experimentally obtained values of the 137Cs inventory in the upper 20 cm of soil at the surveyed sites ranged from 42 to 1940 kBq/m2. The values of 137Cs inventory positively and statistically significantly correlated with officially established levels of 137Cs surface ground contamination for the territory of nearby settlements. Vertical migration of 137Cs in the soil in the surveyed areas was mainly limited to the upper 10 centimeters. The layer on average contained 94% of the total 137Cs inventory. Less than 1% of the total 137Cs inventory was found in the deepest soil layer sampled (18–20 cm). The obtained 137Сs activity distributions were used to calculate kerma rate in the air at a height of 1 m above the ground at the surveyed sites. The air kerma rate ranged from 52 to 2240 nGy/h (on average, 807 nGy/h). The caesium-137 deposit in the upper 6 cm of soil determined about 95% and 90% of the air kerma rate in the forests and in meadows, respectively. Radioactive caesium, which migrated into the soil to a depth of more than 10–12 cm, gave a negligible contribution (less than 1%) to the gamma-radiation dose rate in the air. In practical terms, it indicates that the depth of soil sampling equal to 20 cm is currently quite sufficient to estimate the dose rate of gamma radiation in the air in virgin grasslands and in forests.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Чернобыльская авария</kwd><kwd>луг</kwd><kwd>лес</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>137Cs</kwd><kwd>вертикальное распределение</kwd><kwd>мощность кермы в воздухе</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chernobyl accident</kwd><kwd>grassland</kwd><kwd>forest</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>137Cs</kwd><kwd>vertical distribution</kwd><kwd>air kerma rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ICRU – International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 1994. Gamma-Ray Spectrometry in the Environment. ICRU report: 53. 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