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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2019-12-3-84-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-645</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наследуемые эффекты у потомков, связанные с вредным воздействием на родителей (Обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heritable effects in offspring associated with harmful exposure to parents (Literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснина</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnina</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соснина Светлана Фаридовна – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной эпидемиологии</p><p>456780, Озёрск, Челябинская область, Озёрское шоссе, 19.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana F. Sosnina – Candidate of Medical Sciences, researcher of the radiation epidemiology laboratory</p><p>Ozerskoe shosse, 19, Ozersk, 456780, Chelyabinsk oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosnina@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сокольников</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolnikov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сокольников Михаил Эдуардович – заведующий отделом эпидемиологии, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Озёрск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail E. Sokolnikov – Head of the epidemiology department, Doctor of Medical Sciences</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский институт биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соснина С.Ф., Сокольников М.Э., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соснина С.Ф., Сокольников М.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sosnina S.F., Sokolnikov M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/645">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/645</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор литературных данных по вопросу наследуемых эффектов у потомков вследствие контакта родителей с факторами мутагенного риска. Рассмотрены исследования различных факторов неблагоприятного воздействия на наследственный аппарат, в том числе химических, инфекционных, физических и биологических, показано влияние курения и возраста родителей на возникновение мутаций de novo. Особое внимание уделено обзору публикаций о роли радиационного фактора в генезе наследственных нарушений у потомства. Описаны этапы развития радиационной генетики, эволюция представлений о радиационном вреде. Представлены результаты экспериментальных, цитогенетических, молекулярно-генетических, эпидемиологических работ, анализирующих вклад родительского облучения в наследуемую патологию у потомков. Акцентировано внимание на «немишенных» эффектах радиации, приведены работы, доказывающие возможность трансгенерационной передачи нестабильности генома. Отмечен особый вклад исследований когорты потомков жертв атомных бомбардировок в Хиросиме и Нагасаки, которая считается основной научной платформой для оценки радиационного риска. Представлены статьи о потомках лиц, перенесших терапевтическое облучение, имевших профессиональный контакт с ионизирующим облучением, подвергшихся радиационному воздействию в результате аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС, испытаний ядерного оружия на Семипалатинском полигоне, хроническому облучению на радиоактивно-загрязненной территории реки Теча, местностях с природно-повышенной радиоактивностью. В итоге отмечено, что, несмотря на многочисленные подтверждения радиационно-индуцированных эффектов у потомства в экспериментальных и молекулярно-генетических исследованиях, результаты эпидемиологических работ остаются противоречивыми. Рассмотрены возможные причины для объяснения этих расхождений. Дано представление об эволюции взглядов на наследуемые эффекты в международной системе радиационной безопасности. Описан новый подход Международной комиссии по радиационной защите к наследственным рискам, показана динамика взвешивающего коэффициента для гонад в оценке эффективной дозы облучения. Представлены методы оценки наследуемых эффектов: прямой метод и метод удваивающей дозы. Акцентировано внимание на неопределенностях, сохраняющихся в современной оценке радиационного генетического вреда. Показана необходимость дальнейшего исследования радиационно-индуцируемых наследуемых эффектов. Рассмотрены перспективные направления изучения наследственных рисков. Описана возможность анализа наследуемых эффектов на примере когорты потомков работников производственного объединения «Маяк» – первого в стране предприятия атомной промышленности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A review of literature data regarding the heritable effects in offspring due to parents’ contact with mutagenic risk factors is presented. Studies on various factors of adverse effects on the hereditary apparatus, including chemical, infectious, physical and biological, are considered. The influence of smoking and parents’ age on the occurrence of de novo mutations is shown. Particular attention is paid to the review of publications on the role of the radiation factor in the genesis of hereditary disorders in offspring. Development stages of radiation genetics, the evolution of conception about radiation harm are described. The results of experimental, cytogenetic, molecular genetic, epidemiological studies analyzing the contribution of parental exposure to inherited pathology in progeny are presented. Special attention is paid to the “untargeted” effects of radiation and studies which prove the possibility of transgenerative transmission of genome instability are presented. The special contribution of studies on the cohort of atomic bomb victims offspring in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which is considered as the main scientific platform for radiation risk assessment, is noted. There are articles about the offspring of persons who underwent therapeutic exposure, who had professional contact with ionizing radiation, who were exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident, nuclear weapons tests at the Semipalatinsk test site, chronic radiation in the radioactively contaminated territory of the Techa river, areas with naturally increased radioactivity. As a result, it was noted that, despite numerous confirmations of radiation-induced effects in offspring obtained within experimental and molecular genetic studies, the results of epidemiological studies remain controversial. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are considered. An idea of views evolution regarding heritable effects in the international system of radiation safety is given. A new approach of the International Commission on Radiological Protection to heritable effects is described; the dynamics of tissue weighting factors for gonads in the assessment of effective radiation dose is shown. Methods for evaluating heritable effects are presented: the direct method and the doubling dose method. Attention is focused on the uncertainties that remain in the modern assessment of radiation genetic damage. The necessity of further study of radiation-induced heritable effects is shown. The perspective directions of studying the heritable effects are considered. The possibility of the analysis of heritable effects is described using the example of a cohort of the Mayak Production Association workers’ offspring – the country’s first nuclear industry enterprise.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследуемые эффекты</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>радиация</kwd><kwd>потомки облученных лиц</kwd><kwd>преконцептивное облучение родителей</kwd><kwd>ПО «Маяк»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heritable effects</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>radiation</kwd><kwd>offspring of exposed persons</kwd><kwd>preconceptual parental exposure</kwd><kwd>PA“Mayak”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Большая медицинская энциклопедия: [В 30-ти т. / АМН СССР]. Гл. ред. Б.В. 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