radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2019-12-4-37-46radhyd-656Research ArticleНаучные статьиScientific articlesКорреляция между расчетными и измеренными значениями мощности дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе в лесах, загрязненных 137Cs: отдаленный период после Чернобыльской аварииCorrelation between calculated and measured values of gamma dose rate in air in forests contaminated with 137Cs: the remote period after the Chernobyl accidentРамзаевВ. П.RamzaevValery P.

Рамзаев Валерий Павлович – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории внешнего облучения

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of External Exposure

Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101

V.Ramzaev@mail.ruБарковскийА. Н.BarkovskyAnatoly N.

Барковский Анатолий Николаевич – руководитель Федерального радиологического центра, главный научный сотрудник

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8

Head of the Federal Radiological Centre

Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101

Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federation2019060120201243746Copyright © Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н., 20202020Рамзаев В.П., Барковский А.Н.Ramzaev V.P., Barkovsky A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/656

В 2015–2016 гг. было обследовано 13 лесных и 7 целинных луговых участков, расположенных на территории юго-западных районов Брянской области. Целью работы являлась экспериментальная проверка возможности использования метода расчета мощности дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе в радиоактивно загрязненных лесах на отдаленном этапе после Чернобыльской аварии. По результатам гамма-спектрометрического анализа проб почвы, отобранных на участках, были установлены и опубликованы значения запаса и вертикального распределения 137Cs в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое. Эти данные были использованы для вычисления мощности воздушной кермы с применением метода, заимствованного из литературы. Кроме того, в местах отбора проб почвы была измерена мощность амбиентного эквивалента дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе, и с помощью полевого гамма-спектрометра-дозиметра был определен вклад 137Cs в общую мощность дозы. Измеренные значения мощности амбиентного эквивалента дозы от 137Cs положительно и статистически значимо коррелировали с расчетными значениями мощности воздушной кермы. Коэффициент корреляции Спирмена был равен 0,989 (P < 0,01) для локации «Лес» и 0,893 (P < 0,05) для локации «Луг». Статистически значимых различий между локациями «Лес» и «Луг» при анализе соотношения измеренных и расчетных значений мощности дозы выявлено не было (тест Манна – Уитни, Р > 0,05). Результаты настоящей работы показывают, что при вычислении мощности дозы гамма-излучения в воздухе в лесу на отдаленном этапе после Чернобыльской аварии достаточно знать величину запаса 137Cs в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое почвы и подробную картину вертикального распределения радионуклида в этом слое. Присутствием древесной биомассы можно пренебречь. Такая оценка мощности дозы является консервативной. Однако степень завышения мощности дозы в воздухе будет невелика – в пределах +10%, что вполне приемлемо для определения дозы внешнего облучения человека при его нахождении в радиоактивно загрязненном лесу.

In 2015–2016, 13 forest and 7 virgin grassland plots located in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region were surveyed. The aim of the work was to experimentally test the possibility of using a method for calculating the dose rate of gamma radiation in air in radioactively contaminated forests in a remote period after the Chernobyl accident. According to the results of gamma-spectrometric analysis of soil samples obtained at the sites in another study, the values of inventory and vertical distribution of 137Cs in the upper 20 cm layer were established. In this paper, these data were used to calculate the air kerma rate using a method taken from literature. In addition, at the sites of soil sampling, ambient dose equivalent rate in air was measured, and the contribution of 137Cs to the total gamma dose rate was determined with a field gamma spectrometer-dosemeter. The measured values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs correlated positively and statistically significantly with the calculated values of the air kerma rate. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.989 (P < 0.01) for the location “forest” and 0.893 (P < 0.05) for the location “grassland”. There was no statistically significant difference between the “forest” and “grassland” locations when analyzing the ratio of the measured dose rate values to the calculated dose rate values (the Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05). Results of this work show that, when calculating gamma radiation dose rate in air in forests at a remote stage after the Chernobyl accident, it is enough to know the 137Cs inventory in the upper 20 cm soil layer and a detailed picture of vertical distribution of the radionuclide in this layer. The presence of woody biomass can be neglected. This dose rate estimate is conservative. However, a degree of overestimation of the dose rate in air is small, within +10%, which is quite acceptable for determining the external effective dose rate for an individual in the radioactively contaminated forest.

леслугпочва137Csвоздушная кермаамбиентный эквивалент дозыforestgrasslandsoil137Csair kermaambient dose equivalentReferencesShaw, G. Radionuclides in forest ecosystems. Radioactivity Environ., 2007, Vol. 10, pp. 127–155.Shaw, G. Radionuclides in forest ecosystems. Radioactivity Environ., 2007, Vol. 10, pp. 127–155.Nimis, P.L. Radiocesium in plants of forest ecosystems. Studia Geobotanica, 1996, Vol. 15, pp. 3–49.Nimis, P.L. Radiocesium in plants of forest ecosystems. Studia Geobotanica, 1996, Vol. 15, pp. 3–49.Shcheglov, A.I., Tsvetnova, O.B., Klyashtorin, A.L. Biogeochemical Migration of Technogenic Radionuclides in Forest Ecosystems. Nauka, Moscow, 2001.Shcheglov, A.I., Tsvetnova, O.B., Klyashtorin, A.L. Biogeochemical Migration of Technogenic Radionuclides in Forest Ecosystems. Nauka, Moscow, 2001.Shcheglov, A., Tsvetnova, O., Klyashtorin, A. Biogeochemical cycles of Chernobyl-born radionuclides in the contaminated forest ecosystems. Long-term dynamics of the migration processes. J. Geochem. Explor., 2014, Vol. 144, pp. 260–266.Shcheglov, A., Tsvetnova, O., Klyashtorin, A. Biogeochemical cycles of Chernobyl-born radionuclides in the contaminated forest ecosystems. Long-term dynamics of the migration processes. J. Geochem. Explor., 2014, Vol. 144, pp. 260–266.Imamura, N., Komatsu, M., Ohashi, S., Hashimoto, S., Kajimoto, T., Kaneko, S., Takano, T. Temporal changes in the radiocesium distribution in forests over the five years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7: 8179. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-08261-x.Imamura, N., Komatsu, M., Ohashi, S., Hashimoto, S., Kajimoto, T., Kaneko, S., Takano, T. Temporal changes in the radiocesium distribution in forests over the five years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7: 8179. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-08261-x.Kato, H., Onda, Y., Hisadome, K., Loffredo, N., Kawamori, A. Temporal changes in radiocesium deposition in various forest stands following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J. Environ. Radioact., 2017, Vol. 166, pp. 449–457.Kato, H., Onda, Y., Hisadome, K., Loffredo, N., Kawamori, A. Temporal changes in radiocesium deposition in various forest stands following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J. Environ. Radioact., 2017, Vol. 166, pp. 449–457.Golikov, V., Barkovski, A., Kulikov, V., Balonov, M., Rantavaara, A., Vetikko, V. Gamma ray exposure due to sources in the contaminated forest. In: I. Linkov and W.R. Schell (Eds.). Contaminated Forests – Recent Developments in Risk Identification and Future Perspective. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Contaminated Forests, Kiev, Ukraine 27–30 June 1998. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, pp. 333–341.Golikov, V., Barkovski, A., Kulikov, V., Balonov, M., Rantavaara, A., Vetikko, V. Gamma ray exposure due to sources in the contaminated forest. In: I. Linkov and W.R. Schell (Eds.). Contaminated Forests – Recent Developments in Risk Identification and Future Perspective. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Contaminated Forests, Kiev, Ukraine 27–30 June 1998. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, pp. 333–341.Gering, F., Kiefer, P., Fesenko, S., Voigt, G. In situ gammaray spectrometry in forests: determination of kerma rate in air from 137Cs. J. Environ. Radioact., 2002, Vol. 61, pp. 75–89.Gering, F., Kiefer, P., Fesenko, S., Voigt, G. In situ gammaray spectrometry in forests: determination of kerma rate in air from 137Cs. J. Environ. Radioact., 2002, Vol. 61, pp. 75–89.McGee, E.J., Synnott, H.J., Johanson, K.J., Fawaris, B.H., Nielsen, S.P., Horrill, A.D., Kennedy, V.H., Barbayiannis, N., Veresoglou, D.S., Dawson, D.E., Colgan, P.A., McGarry, A.T. Chernobyl fallout in a Swedish spruce forest ecosystem. J. Environ. Radioact., 2000, Vol. 48, pp. 59–78.McGee, E.J., Synnott, H.J., Johanson, K.J., Fawaris, B.H., Nielsen, S.P., Horrill, A.D., Kennedy, V.H., Barbayiannis, N., Veresoglou, D.S., Dawson, D.E., Colgan, P.A., McGarry, A.T. Chernobyl fallout in a Swedish spruce forest ecosystem. J. Environ. Radioact., 2000, Vol. 48, pp. 59–78.Данилов, Ю.Г. Роль геохимической миграции радионуклидов в реабилитации загрязненных территорий Брянской области / Ю.Г. Данилов // Вестник Воронежского государственного университета. Серия: География. Геоэкология [Электронный ресурс]. – 2000. – № 1. – С. 84–86: http://www.vestnik.vsu.ru/pdf/geograph/2000/01/danilov2.pdf (Дата обращения: 11.07.2019)Danilov, Yu.G. The role of geochemical migration of radionuclides in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas of the Bryansk region. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. Series: Geography. Geoecology [Electronic resource]. 2000, No. 1, pp. 84–86. – Available on: http://www.vestnik.vsu.ru/pdf/geograph/2000/01/danilov2.pdf (Accesed: 11/07/2019) (in Russian).Clouvas, A., Xanthos, S., Antonopoulos-Domis, M., Alifragis, D.A. Contribution of 137Cs to the total absorbed gamma dose rate in air in a Greek forest ecosystem: measurements and Monte-Carlo computations. Health Phys., 1998, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 36–43.Clouvas, A., Xanthos, S., Antonopoulos-Domis, M., Alifragis, D.A. Contribution of 137Cs to the total absorbed gamma dose rate in air in a Greek forest ecosystem: measurements and Monte-Carlo computations. Health Phys., 1998, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 36–43.Cresswell, A.J., Sanderson, D.C.W., Yamaguchi, K. Assessment of the calibration of gamma spectrometry systems in forest environments. J. Environ. Radioact., 2018, Vol. 181, pp. 70–77.Cresswell, A.J., Sanderson, D.C.W., Yamaguchi, K. Assessment of the calibration of gamma spectrometry systems in forest environments. J. Environ. Radioact., 2018, Vol. 181, pp. 70–77.Miller, K.M., Kuiper, J.L., Helfer, I.K. 137Cs fallout depth distributions in forest versus field sites: implications for external gamma dose rates. J. Environ. Radioact., 1990, Vol. 12, pp. 23–47.Miller, K.M., Kuiper, J.L., Helfer, I.K. 137Cs fallout depth distributions in forest versus field sites: implications for external gamma dose rates. J. Environ. Radioact., 1990, Vol. 12, pp. 23–47.Ramzaev, V., Barkovsky, A. Vertical distribution of 137Cs in grassland soils disturbed by moles (Talpa europaea L.). J. Environ. Radioact., 2018, Vol. 184–185, pp. 101–108.Ramzaev, V., Barkovsky, A. Vertical distribution of 137Cs in grassland soils disturbed by moles (Talpa europaea L.). J. Environ. Radioact., 2018, Vol. 184–185, pp. 101–108.Ramzaev, V., Barkovsky, A., Bernhardsson, C., Mattsson, S. Calibration and testing of a portable NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer-dosimeter for evaluation of terrestrial radionuclides and 137Cs contributions to ambient dose equivalent rate outdoors. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2017, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 18–29.Ramzaev, V., Barkovsky, A., Bernhardsson, C., Mattsson, S. Calibration and testing of a portable NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer-dosimeter for evaluation of terrestrial radionuclides and 137Cs contributions to ambient dose equivalent rate outdoors. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2017, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 18–29.Ramzaev, V., Bernhardsson, C., Barkovsky, A., Romanovich, I., Jarneborn, J., Mattsson, S., Dvornik, A., Gaponenko, S. A backpack γ-spectrometer for measurements of ambient dose equivalent rate, H*(10), from 137Cs and from naturally occurring radiation: The importance of operator related attenuation. Radiat. Meas., 2017, Vol. 107, pp. 14–22.Ramzaev, V., Bernhardsson, C., Barkovsky, A., Romanovich, I., Jarneborn, J., Mattsson, S., Dvornik, A., Gaponenko, S. A backpack γ-spectrometer for measurements of ambient dose equivalent rate, H*(10), from 137Cs and from naturally occurring radiation: The importance of operator related attenuation. Radiat. Meas., 2017, Vol. 107, pp. 14–22.Рамзаев, В.П. Вертикальное распределение 137Cs в дерново-подзолистой песчаной почве на лугах и в лесах Брянской области в 2015–2016 гг./ В.П. Рамзаев, А.Н. Барковский, К.В. Варфоломеева // Радиационная гигиена. – 2019. – Т. 12, № 3. – С. 6–20.Ramzaev, V.P., Barkovsky, A.N., Varfolomeeva, K.V. Vertical distribution of 137Cs in soddy-podzolic sandy soil in grasslands and forests of the Bryansk region in 2015–2016. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2019, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 6–20 (in Russian).Saito, K., Jacob, P. Gamma ray fields in the air due to sources in the ground. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 1995, Vol. 58, pp. 29–45.Saito, K., Jacob, P. Gamma ray fields in the air due to sources in the ground. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 1995, Vol. 58, pp. 29–45.Рамзаев, В.П. Сравнение расчетных и измеренных значений мощности кермы в воздухе над почвой, загрязненной 137Cs/ В.П. Рамзаев, В.Ю. Голиков // Радиационная гигиена. – 2015. – Т. 8, № 4. – С. 42–51.Ramzaev, V.P., Golikov, V.Yu. A comparison of measured and calculated values of air kerma rates from 137Cs in soil. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2015, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 42–51 (in Russian).ICRP – International Commission on Radiological Protection. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection against External Radiation. ICRP Publication 74 // Ann. ICRP, 1996, Vol. 26, No. 3–4.ICRP – International Commission on Radiological Protection. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection against External Radiation. ICRP Publication 74 // Ann. ICRP, 1996, Vol. 26, No. 3–4.Ramzaev, V.P., Barkovsky, A.N. On the relationship between ambient dose equivalent and absorbed dose in air in the case of large-scale contamination of the environment by radioactive cesium. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2015, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 6–20.Ramzaev, V.P., Barkovsky, A.N. On the relationship between ambient dose equivalent and absorbed dose in air in the case of large-scale contamination of the environment by radioactive cesium. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2015, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 6–20.Saito, K., Petoussi-Henss, N. Ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients for radionuclides exponentially distributed in the ground. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 2014, Vol. 51, pp. 1274–1287.Saito, K., Petoussi-Henss, N. Ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients for radionuclides exponentially distributed in the ground. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 2014, Vol. 51, pp. 1274–1287.Ramzaev, V.P., Barkovsky, A.N. Estimation of the air kerma rate from 137Cs and 134Cs deposited on the ground in the Sakhalin region of Russia after the Fukushima accident. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2019, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 36–51.Ramzaev, V.P., Barkovsky, A.N. Estimation of the air kerma rate from 137Cs and 134Cs deposited on the ground in the Sakhalin region of Russia after the Fukushima accident. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene, 2019, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 36–51.Laedermann, J.-P., Byrde, F., Murith, C. In-situ gamma-ray spectrometry: the influence of topography on the accuracy of activity determination. J. Environ. Radioact., 1998, Vol. 38, pp. 1–16.Laedermann, J.-P., Byrde, F., Murith, C. In-situ gamma-ray spectrometry: the influence of topography on the accuracy of activity determination. J. Environ. Radioact., 1998, Vol. 38, pp. 1–16.Beamish, D. Gamma ray attenuation in the soils of Northern Ireland, with special reference to peat. J. Environ. Radioact., 2013, Vol. 115, pp. 13–27.Beamish, D. Gamma ray attenuation in the soils of Northern Ireland, with special reference to peat. J. Environ. Radioact., 2013, Vol. 115, pp. 13–27.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.