References

radhyd

Радиационная гигиена

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene

1998-426X2409-9082

NIIRG

10.21514/1998-426X-2020-13-1-27-37

radhyd-674

Research Article

Научные статьи

Scientific articles

Дозиметрия внешнего облучения населения: сравнение аварий на Чернобыльской АЭС и АЭС «Фукусима-1»

Dosimetry of external population exposure: a comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents

Голиков

В. Ю.

Golikov

V. Yu.

Голиков Владислав Юрьевич – старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций

Vladislav Yu. Golikov – Senior Researcher of the Medical Protection Laboratory

Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. РамзаеваРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federation

2020

31032020

1312737

2020

Голиков В.Ю.

Golikov V.Y.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/674

Статья посвящена сравнению моделей и оцениваемых с их помощью доз внешнего облучения населения от радиоактивных выпадений после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и АЭС «Фукусима-1». В случае аварии на АЭС «Фукусима-1» использовали модель, предложенную НКДАР ООН. Как значения доз гамма-излучения в окружающей среде, так и значения эффективных доз внешнего облучения сопоставимых групп населения, нормированные на одинаковую поверхностную активность радионуклидов, для обеих аварий оказались близки. Причинами этого явились как схожесть изотопных составов радиоактивных выпадений, так и тот факт, что «японская» модель внешнего облучения была основана на «чернобыльской», вплоть до использования одинаковых численных значений для некоторых параметров, из-за недостатка специфических японских послеаварийных данных к моменту первых оценок доз облучения жителей Японии. Для более корректного сравнения доз внешнего облучения жителей после двух аварий необходимо верифицировать значения параметров японской модели с помощью результатов измерений мощностей доз гамма-излучения в окружающей среде и индивидуальных доз внешнего облучения жителей, выполненных после аварии на АЭС «Фукусима-1».

The paper is devoted to comparing the models and the doses of the population external exposure from radioactive fallout after the accident at the Chernobyl and Fukushima-1 NPPs estimated with their help. In the case of the Fukushima-1 accident, the model proposed by the UNSCEAR was used. Both the values of the doses of gamma radiation in the environment and the values of the effective doses of external exposure of comparable population groups normalized to the same surface activity of radionuclides were close for both accidents. The reasons for this are both the similarity of the isotopic compositions of the radioactive fallout and the fact that the “Japanese” model of external exposure was based on the “Chernobyl” model up to using the same numerical values for some parameters, due to the lack of specific Japanese post-accident data for the moment of the first dose estimates for the inhabitants of Japan. For a more accurate comparison of the external exposure of residents after two accidents it is necessary to verify the values of the parameters of the Japanese model using the results of measurements of gamma radiation dose rates in the environment and individual external doses of the residents after the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP.

радиационная аварияЧАЭСАЭС «Фукусима-1»модели внешнего облучениягамма-излучениеэффективная доза

radiation accidentChernobyl NPPFukushima-1 NPPmodels of external exposuregamma-radiationeffective dose

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.