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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2020-13-2-99-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка медицинских радиационных и нерадиационных рисков на примере пациентов, проходящих хирургическую смену пола с женского на мужской</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the medical radiation and non-radiation risks for the patients undergoing the surgical gender reassignment from female to male</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафронов Владимир Владимирович – ассистент кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Safronov – Assistant of the Department of Oncology, Radiation Therapy and Plastic Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыдов Артем Анатольевич – младший научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Davydov – Junior Researcher, Information Analytical Center</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водоватов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodovatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Водоватов Александр Валерьевич – заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Vodovatov – Head of Protection Laboratory, Leading Researcher</p><p>Mira str., 8, St.-Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vodovatoff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцева</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Startseva</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старцева Олеся Игоревна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya I. Startseva – doctor of medical sciences, professor of the department of oncology, radiation therapy and plastic surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Библин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biblin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Библин Артем Михайлович – руководитель Информационно-аналитического центра, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem M. Biblin – Head, Information Analytical Center</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репин</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repin</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Репин Леонид Викторович – младший научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid V. Repin – Junior Researcher, Information Analytical Center</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафронов В.В., Давыдов А.А., Водоватов А.В., Старцева О.И., Библин А.М., Репин Л.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафронов В.В., Давыдов А.А., Водоватов А.В., Старцева О.И., Библин А.М., Репин Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safronov V.V., Davydov A.A., Vodovatov A.V., Startseva O.I., Biblin A.M., Repin L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/703">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/703</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью статьи является сравнительная оценка рисков для здоровья радиационной и нерадиационной природы на примере группы трансгендеров, а также оценка восприятия ими указанных рисков. Для выборки пациентов, проходивших хирургическую смену пола с женского на мужской, был проведен анализ структуры хирургических процедур и связанных с ними рентгенорадиологических исследований; оценены радиационные и нерадиационные риски; посредством социологического исследования оценены осведомленность пациентов о рисках и выгодах медицинских процедур и восприятие соотношения радиационных и нерадиационных рисков. Весь комплекс операций с пациентами, подвергавшимися хирургической смене пола с женского на мужской, выполняли с августа 2012 г. по февраль 2018 г.. Сбор данных и анкетирование проводили с 30 августа 2019 г. по 3 марта 2020 г. Сведения о структуре хирургических операций и лучевой диагностики были собраны для 99 пациентов, 86 из которых согласились участвовать в анкетировании. Исследование показало, что выбранная группа пациентов, проходящих хирургическую смену пола с женского на мужской, является группой высокого риска как по радиационным, так и по нерадиационным факторам. За весь процесс смены пола пациенты могут получить эффективную дозу до 250 мЗв за счет многократных компьютерно-томографических исследований различных анатомических областей с контрастом, что соответствует пожизненному радиационному риску до 1×10-2. Сравнение радиационных и нерадиационных рисков для данной группы пациентов показывает, что преобладающим является риск успешной реализации суицидальных попыток (5×10-2). Радиационные риски являются сопоставимыми, а для финальных этапов хирургической коррекции пола – превышают другие риски смерти от нерадиационных факторов (анестезия – 5,4×10-5, тромбоз – 2×10-5, прочие осложнения от операции – 6×10-2). Снижение рисков суицида в результате лечения перевешивает все остальные факторы риска и делает обоснованным проведение всех хирургических процедур и рентгенорадиологических исследований. Результаты социологического исследование показывают снижение с 77% до 23% суицидальных мыслей у пациентов в выборке. Социологическое исследование показало, что риск-коммуникация проводится на ненадлежащем уровне: не более 40% пациентов осведомлены о возможных рисках для здоровья в ходе лечения, не более 50% утверждают, что знают о выгодах радиационных обследований. При этом около 70% респондентов склонны оценивать свои текущие проблемы со здоровьем намного выше в сравнении с рисками от диагностики и хирургии, что обусловливает отсутствие интереса к радиационным рискам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the current study was to perform a comparative assessment of the radiation and non-radiation health risks for the sample of transgenders as well as the assessment of their perception of these risks. The study was performed on the sample of patients, undergoing the gender reassignment surgery from female to male. The structure of surgical procedures and the corresponding X-ray examinations was analyzed with the subsequent assessment of the radiation and non-radiation health risks. The level of patient knowledge on the risks and benefits of the medical procedures and perception of the ratio of radiation and non-radiation risks were evaluated based on the results of the sociological study. The study included the patients that underwent gender reassignment surgery in August 2012 – February 2018 on the base of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Data collection and questioning were performed in August 2019 – March 2020. Data on the structure of the surgical procedures and X-ray examinations was collected for 99 patients; 86 patients agreed to participate in the questioning. The results indicate that the selected sample of patients, undergoing the gender reassignment surgery from female to male, is a high risk group both for radiation and non-radiation factors. For the whole multi-stage gender reassignment surgery, a patient could receive a total effective dose up to 250 mSv due to repeated computed tomography scans of chest, abdomen and head with contrast, corresponding to the lifetime attributive radiation risk of up to 1×10-2. Comparison of radiation and non-radiation risks for that patient sample indicates the dominance of the risk of successful suicide attempts (5×10-2). Radiation risks are equal to or even exceed (for the final stages of the gender reassignment surgery) the other risks of mortality from the non-radiation factors (anesthesia – 5,4×10-5, thrombosis – 2×10-5, post-surgical complications – 6×10-2). The reduction of suicide risks, as a result of the treatment, outweighs all other risk factors and justifies the gender reassignment surgery. The results of a sociological study show a decrease from 77% to 23% of suicidal thoughts among the patients. The study indicates that risk-communication was performed on the unsatisfactory level: less than 40% of the patients were informed about the possible health risks during the treatment; less than 50% of respondents knew about the benefits of X-ray examinations. About 70% of the patients rate their current problems with health higher compared to the risks from diagnostics and surgery. It explains the lack of interest to the radiation risk.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансгендеры</kwd><kwd>радиационные риски</kwd><kwd>нерадиационные риски</kwd><kwd>рисккоммуникация</kwd><kwd>лучевая диагностика</kwd><kwd>эффективная доза</kwd><kwd>хирургическая коррекция пола</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transgender</kwd><kwd>radiation risks</kwd><kwd>non-radiation risks</kwd><kwd>risk-communication</kwd><kwd>X-ray diagnostics</kwd><kwd>effective dose</kwd><kwd>gender reassignment surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Guidelines. 1st ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995. 374 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. 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