<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2020-13-3-18-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-728</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика показателей заболеваемости раком толстого кишечника в когорте работников, подвергшихся профессиональному облучению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Incidence trend for colorectal cancer in the cohort of workers exposed to ionizing radiation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жунтова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuntova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жунтова Галина Вадимовна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>456780, Челябинская обл., г. Озерск, Озерское шоссе, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Zhuntova – PhD (medicine), leading researcher</p><p>Ozyorskoe shosse, 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азизова Тамара Васильевна – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по науке, заведующая клиническим отделом</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara V. Azizova – PhD (medicine), deputy director for science, head of the clinical department</p><p>Ozyorsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банникова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bannikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Банникова Мария Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Bannikova – junior researcher, Federal State Unitary Enterprise</p><p>Ozyorsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заварухина</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavarukhina</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заварухина Татьяна Павловна – врач-терапевт</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Zavarukhina – general physician, Federal State Healthcare Institution</p><p>Ozyorsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский институт биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Biophysics Institute at the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиническая больница № 71 Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical hospital №71 at the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жунтова Г.В., Азизова Т.В., Банникова М.В., Заварухина Т.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жунтова Г.В., Азизова Т.В., Банникова М.В., Заварухина Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuntova G.V., Azizova T.V., Bannikova M.V., Zavarukhina T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/728">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/728</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак толстого кишечника входит в число наиболее распространенных злокачественных новообразований. Основными причинами возникновения опухолей этой локализации являются факторы, связанные с образом жизни, а также профессиональный контакт с некоторыми химическими агентами. В отдельных исследованиях установлено влияние ионизирующего излучения на заболеваемость и смертность от рака толстого кишечника. Целью настоящего исследования являлась оценка динамики заболеваемости раком толстого кишечника в когорте работников предприятия атомной промышленности – производственного объединения «Маяк»», подвергшихся пролонгированному профессиональному облучению. Когорта включала 22 377 работников (25% – женщины), нанятых на основные заводы производственного объединения «Маяк» (реакторный, радиохимический, плутониевый) в 1948–1982 гг., которые подвергались пролонгированному общему внешнему гамма-облучению (накопленные поглощенные в стенке толстой кишки дозы 0–5,85 Гр, медиана 0,16 Гр), а в случае ингаляционного поступления соединений плутония – также внутреннему альфа-облучению (накопленные поглощенные в стенке толстой кишки дозы 0–0,18 Гр, медиана 0,0002 Гр). В период 1948–2018 гг. в изучаемой когорте диагностировано 239 случаев рака ободочной кишки и 186 случаев рака прямой кишки. Показатели заболеваемости раком толстого кишечника у работников изучаемой когорты статистически значимо увеличивались с возрастом старше 50 лет, стандартизованные по возрасту показатели были выше у мужчин по сравнению с женщинами. Анализ временных трендов стандартизованных показателей заболеваемости раком толстого кишечника у работников изучаемой когорты была выполнен с помощью сплайн-регрессии. Динамика стандартизованных показателей заболеваемости раком толстого кишечника у персонала производственного объединения «Маяк» в изучаемый период времени носила разнонаправленный характер. В целом, в 2014–2018 гг. среднегодовой темп прироста заболеваемости раком ободочной кишки составил менее 0,1% (оба пола), аналогичный показатель для рака прямой кишки у мужчин был равен 1,1%, а у женщин достигал 30,3%. Для оценки влияния профессионального облучения работников на заболеваемость раком толстого кишечника требуется анализ радиогенного риска с учетом действия нерадиационных факторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms. Main causes inducing this type of cancer are factors related to the life style and occupational exposures to chemical agents. Some studies demonstrated an association of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality with ionizing radiation. The aim of the present study was to assess the trend in colorectal cancer incidence in a cohort of nuclear workers employed at the Mayak Production Association who had been exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. The cohort comprised 22,377 workers (25% of females) employed at one of the main plants (reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production plants) of the Mayak Production Association in 1948-1982 who had been externally exposed to gamma rays (cumulative absorbed colon doses were 0–5.85 Gy with the corresponding median dose of 0.16 Gy) and those who had inhaled aerosols containing plutonium particles had been also internally exposed to alpha radiation (cumulative absorbed colon doses were 0–0.18 Gy with the corresponding median dose of 0.0002 Gy). Over the period of 1948–2018, 239 colon cancers and 186 rectum cancers were diagnosed in the study cohort. The incidence of colorectal malignancies among workers of the study cohort was shown to increase with age above 50. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in males than in females. The time trend analysis of age-standardized rates of colorectal malignancies among workers of the study cohort was performed using a spline regression. The trend of age-standardized rates of colorectal cancer incidence in the Mayak Production Association workers over the analyzed period was nonmonotonic. In general, the average annual percent change of incidence growth for colon cancer was less than 0.1% (for both sexes), while the corresponding estimates for rectum cancer were 1.1% in males and 30.3% in females. To assess the effect of occupational radiation exposure on the incidence of colorectal malignancies, a radiogenic risk analysis that would take into account non-radiation risk factors should be performed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак толстого кишечника</kwd><kwd>работники производственного объединения «Маяк»</kwd><kwd>профессиональное облучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>the Mayak Production Association workers</kwd><kwd>occupational radiation exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries // CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018. Vol. 68, No 6. P. 394-424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018;68(6): 394-424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2018 году (заболеваемость и смертность); под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Петровой Г.В. М: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена, 2019. 250 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Petrova GV. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2018 (morbidity and mortality). Eds. Kaprin AD. Moscow: MNIOI named after P.A. Hertsen; 2019. 250 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenner H., Chen C. The colorectal cancer epidemic: challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention // Br. J. Cancer. 2018. Vol. 119, No 7. P. 785-792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenner H, Chen C. The colorectal cancer epidemic: challenges and opportunities for primary, seco ndary and tertiary prevention. Br. J. Cancer. 2018;119(7): 785-792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy N., Moreno V., Hughes DJ., et al. Lifestyle and dietary environmental factors in colorectal cancer susceptibility // Mol. Aspects Med. 2019. Vol. 69. P. 2-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy N, Moreno V, Hughes DJ, Vodicka L, Vodicka P, Aglago EK, et al. Lifestyle and dietary environmental factors in colorectal cancer susceptibility. Mol. Aspects Med. 2019;69: 2-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carr P.R., Weigl K., Jansen L., et al. Effects of Physical Activity on Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-control Study // Int. J. Prev. Med. 2018. Vol. 155, No 6. P. 1805-1815.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carr PR, Weigl K, Jansen L, Walter V, Erben V, Chang-Claude J, et al. Effects of Physical Activity on Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-control Study. Int. J. Prev. Med. 2018;155(6): 1805-1815.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doubeni C.A., Laiyemo A.O., Major J.M., et al. Socioeconomic status and the risk of colorectal cancer: An analysis of over one-half million adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study // Cancer. 2012. Vol. 118, No 14. P. 3636-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doubeni CA, Laiyemo AO, Major JM, Schootman M, Lian M, Park Y, et al. Socioeconomic status and the risk of colorectal cancer: An analysis of over one-half million adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer. 2012;118(14): 3636-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schumacher F.R., Schmit S.L., Jiao S., et al. Genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer identifies six new susceptibility loci // Nat Commun. 2015. Vol. 6. P. 7138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schumacher FR, Schmit SL, Jiao S, Edlund CK, Wang H, Zhang B, et al. Genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer identifies six new susceptibility loci. Nat Commun. 2015;6: 7138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel S.G., Ahnen D.J. Familial colon cancer syndromes: an update of a rapidly evolving field // Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 2012. Vol. 14, No 5. P. 428-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel SG, Ahnen DJ. Familial colon cancer syndromes: an update of a rapidly evolving field. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2012;14(5): 428-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eguchi H., Wada K., Prieto-Merino D., Smith D.R. Lung, gastric and colorectal cancer mortality by occupation and industry among working-aged men in Japan // Sci. Rep. 2017. Vol. 7. P. 43204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eguchi H, Wada K, Prieto-Merino D, Smith DR. Lung, gastric and colorectal cancer mortality by occupation and industry among working-aged men in Japan. Sci Rep. 2017;7: 43204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paris C., Thaon I., Hérin F., et al. Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in French Men: The Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort (ARDCo-Nut) // Environ. Health. Perspect. 2017. Vol. 125, No 3. P. 409-415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paris C, Thaon I, Hérin F, Clin B, Lacourt A, Luc A, et al. Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in French Men: The Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort (ARDCo-Nut). Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(3): 409-415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh Z., Chadha P. Textile industry and occupational cancer // Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 2016. Vol. 11, No 39. P. 1–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh Z, Chadha P. Textile industry and occupational cancer. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 2016;11(39): 1–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozasa K., Shimizu Y., Suyama A., et al. Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, Report 14, 1950-2003: an overview of cancer and noncancer diseases // Radiat. Res. 2012. Vol. 177, No 3. P. 229-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozasa K, Shimizu Y, Suyama A, Kasagi F, Soda M, Grant EJ, et al. Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, Report 14, 1950-2003: an overview of cancer and noncancer diseases. Radiat Res. 2012;177(3): 229-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preston D.L., Ron E., Tokuoka S., et al. Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958–1998 // Radiat. Res. 2007. Vol. 168, No 1. P. 1-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preston DL, Ron E, Tokuoka S, Kodama K, et al. Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958–1998. Radiat Res. 2007;168(1): 1-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleinerman R.A., Boice J.D.Jr., Storm H.H., et al. Second primary cancer after treatment for cervical cancer // Cancer. 1995. Vol. 76, No 3. P. 442-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleinerman RA, Boice JD Jr, Storm HH, Sparen P, Andersen A, Pukkala E, et al. Second primary cancer after treatment for cervical cancer. Cancer. 1995;76(3): 442-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baxter N.N., Tepper J.E., Durham S.B., et al. Increased risk of rectal cancer after prostate radiation: a population-based study // Gastroenterology. 2005. Vol. 128, No 4. P. 819-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baxter NN, Tepper JE, Durham SB, Rothenberger DA, Virnig BA. Increased risk of rectal cancer after prostate radiation: a population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(4): 819-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richardson D.B., Cardis E., Daniels R.D., et al. Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS) // BMJ. 2015; 351:h5359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richardson DB, Cardis E, Daniels RD, Gillies MA, O’Hagan JA, Hamra GB, et al. Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS). BMJ. 2015;351: h5359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter N., Kuznetsova I.S., Labutina E.V., Harrison J.D. Solid cancer incidence other than lung, liver and bone in Mayak workers: 1948-2004 // Br. J. Cancer. 2013. Vol. 109, No 7. P. 1989-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter N, Kuznetsova IS, Labutina EV, Harrison JD. Solid cancer incidence other than lung, liver and bone in Mayak workers: 1948-2004. Br J Cancer. 2013;109 (7): 1989-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sokolnikov M., Preston D., Gilbert E., et al. Radiation effects on mortality from solid cancers other than lung, liver, and bone cancer in the Mayak worker cohort: 1948-2008 // PLoS One. 2015. Vol. 10, No 2. P. e0117784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolnikov M, Preston D, Gilbert E, Schonfeld S, Koshurnikova N. Radiation effects on mortality from solid cancers other than lung, liver, and bone cancer in the Mayak worker cohort: 1948-2008. PLoS One. 2015;10(2): e0117784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Napier B.A. The Mayak Worker Dosimetry System (MWDS-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Napier BA. The Mayak Worker Dosimetry System (MWDS- 2013): an introduction to the documentation. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017;176(1-2): 6-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">: an introduction to the documentation // Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 2017. Vol. 176, No 1-2. P. 6-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azizova TV, Day RD, Wald N, Muirhead C, O’Hagan JA, Sumina MV, et al. The “clinic” medical-dosimetric database of Mayak production association workers: structure, characteristics and prospects of utilization. Health Phys. 2008; 94(5): 449-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azizova T.V., Day R.D., Wald N., et al. The “clinic” medicaldosimetric database of Mayak production association workers: structure, characteristics and prospects of utilization // Health Phys. 2008. Vol. 94, No 5. P. 449-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merkov AM, Polyakov LE. Sanitary statistics (manual for doctors). Moscow: Atomizdat; 1975. 245 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мерков А.М., Поляков Л.Е. Санитарная статистика (пособие для врачей). М.: Атомиздат, 1975. 245 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zar JH. Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1999. 663 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999. 663 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software. Available from: https:// surveillance.cancer. gov/ joinpoint [Accessed: 20.03.2020]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software. URL: https://surveillance. cancer.gov/joinpoint (дата обращения: 20.03.2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Petrova GV. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2017 (morbidity and mortality). Eds. Kaprin AD. Moscow: MNIOI named after P.A. Hertsen, 2018. 250 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность); под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Петровой Г.В. М: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена, 2018. 250 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Каприн А.Д. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность); под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Петровой Г.В. М: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена, 2018. 250 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
