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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2021-14-2-21-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-795</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние учета химической токсичности 238U на величину его предельно допустимого выброса в атмосферный воздух</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impact of accounting of 238U chemical toxicity on its permissible release level to atmosphere</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крышев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryshev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крышев Александр Иванович – доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией эколого-геофизического моделирования и анализа риска</p><p>249038, Калужская область, г. Обнинск, ул. Победы, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Kryshev – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Ecological and geophysical modeling and risk analysis</p><p>Pobedy str., 4, Obninsk, Kaluga region, 249038</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ecomod@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазыкина</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazykina</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сазыкина Татьяна Григорьевна – доктор физико-математических наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории эколого-геофизического моделирования и анализа риска</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana G. Sazykina – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Ecological and geophysical modeling and risk analysis</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурякова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buryakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурякова Анна Александровна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории эколого-геофизического моделирования и анализа риска</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Buryakova – Researcher of the Laboratory of Ecological and geophysical modeling and risk analysis</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-производственное объединение «Тайфун» Росгидромета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Production Association «Typhoon», Roshydromet</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крышев А.И., Сазыкина Т.Г., Бурякова А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крышев А.И., Сазыкина Т.Г., Бурякова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryshev A.I., Sazykina T.G., Buryakova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/795">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/795</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время установление нормативов предельно допустимых выбросов 238U в атмосферный воздух проводится исключительно на основе критерия радиационного воздействия на население. При этом по своему токсическому действию уран относится к 1-му классу опасности (чрезвычайно опасные химические вещества). Проведено сравнение ограничения выброса 238U в атмосферный воздух с учетом только радиационного воздействия, с использованием действующих методик расчета предельно допустимых выбросов и с учетом химической токсичности урана. Показано, что предельно допустимый выброс 238U, рассчитанный по критерию соблюдения годовой дозовой квоты облучения населения, в 100–250 раз выше максимального выброса, оцененного по критерию химической токсичности урана. Установленный в НРБ-99/2009 предел годового поступления 238U с пищей для населения 8400 Бк/год при условии равномерного поступления соответствует 184 мкг/кг массы тела в сутки для указанной возрастной группы, что превышает оцененный ВОЗ уровень допустимого суточного поступления урана по токсичности в 306 раз. Соблюдение санитарных правил в области радиационной безопасности населения при нормировании выбросов 238U не гарантирует того, что поступление урана в организм человека не превысит безопасных по токсичности уровней, оцененных ВОЗ. Необходимо провести актуализацию установленного значения предела годового поступления 238U для населения с учетом современных публикаций ВОЗ и результатов исследований в области токсичности урана и включить откорректированное значение в систему нормирования предельно допустимых выбросов радиоактивных веществ в атмосферный воздух.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present, the permissible atmospheric release levels of 238U are evaluated only on a basis of its radiation impact on population. At the same time, uranium belongs to the 1st hazard class (extremely dangerous chemicals) by its toxic effect. Limitation of the 238U release to the atmosphere is calculated separately using two criteria – radiation protection (annual dose limits) and chemical toxicity of uranium. It is shown that the permissible release level of 238U by radiation criteria is 100 – 250 times higher than the maximum release level limited by chemical toxicity of uranium. Annual intake limit of 238U for population 8400 Bq/year, established by Radiation Safety Norms NRB-99/2009, under condition of its uniform intake is equal to 184 mkg/kg of body mass per day for the indicated age group. It is 306 times higher than the tolerable daily intake of uranium estimated by World Health Organization. Compliance with the public health regulations in radiation safety does not guarantee that the annual intake of uranium by population would not exceed the tolerable toxicity levels indicated by World Health Organization. Therefore, the established value of the annual intake limit of 238U for the population needs to be revised taking into account the recent World Health Organization publications and the research results in the field of chemical toxicity of uranium. The revised value could be incorporated to the system of establishing the permissible atmospheric releases levels of radioactive substances.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уран</kwd><kwd>нормирование</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>атмосферный воздух</kwd><kwd>предельно допустимый выброс</kwd><kwd>доза</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uranium</kwd><kwd>norms</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>atmosphere</kwd><kwd>permissible release level</kwd><kwd>dose</kwd><kwd>chemical toxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA Safety Standards. 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