radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRGradhyd-81Research ArticleНаучные статьиScientific articlesПУТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДОЗ ВНУТРЕННЕГО ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ПОСЛЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧАЭС (Часть первая)CONTRIBUTON OF DIFFERENT FOODSTUFFS TО THE INTERNAL EXPOSURE OF THE RURAL INHABITANTS OF THE BRYANSK REGION IN RUSSIA AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENTТравниковаИ. ГTravnikovaI. G.

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i_trav@mail.ruБрукГ. Я.BrukG. Ya.i_trav@mail.ruШутовВ. Н.ShutovV. N.i_trav@mail.ruБазюкинА. В.BazjukinA. B.i_trav@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт имени профессора П.В. РамзаеваРоссияSaint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. RamzaevRussian Federation201316082015621120Copyright © Травникова И.Г., Брук Г.Я., Шутов В.Н., Базюкин А.В., 20152015Травникова И.Г., Брук Г.Я., Шутов В.Н., Базюкин А.В.Travnikova I.G., Bruk G.Y., Shutov V.N., Bazjukin A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/81

На протяжении всех прошедших после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС лет нами осуществлялся мониторинг радиационной обстановки населенном пункте Веприн Брянской области России, включающий в себя определение концентраций 137Сs в пищевых продуктах как сельскохозяйственного производства, так и природного происхождения, опрос местного населения о структуре и составе их рационов питания с одновременным измерением содержания 137Сs в организме жителей. Анализ результатов этих многолетних исследований будет разделен на два этапа: 1986–1996 гг. и 1997– 2012 гг. В данной работе, посвященной первому периоду исследований (1986–1996), была реконструирована доза внутреннего облучения населения за 11 лет, прошедших после аварии, а также проведена оценка эффективности комплекса защитных мероприятий, проведенных в данном населенном пункте в указанное время. Показано, что благодаря последним среднюю годовую дозу внутреннего облучения жителей за рассматриваемый период удалось снизить почти в два раза, а именно до 35 мЗв/ год вместо ожидаемых 70 мЗв/год. Доза внешнего облучения в течение того же периода времени была близка к полученной дозе внутреннего облучения. Наличие в ареале этого населенного пункта значительных площадей с торфяными и пойменными почвами, характеризующимися высокими коэффициентами перехода радионуклидов из почвы в растительность, привело к более существенному радиоактивному загрязнению выращиваемой сельскохозяйственной продукции, чем в большинстве других хозяйств Брянского региона, что, в свою очередь, определило более высокий вклад этой компоненты в дозу внутреннего облучения населения. Индивидуальное содержание 137Сs в организме жителей достоверно коррелирует с потреблением молока в ранний период после аварии и потреблении ем лесных грибов в отдаленный период. Вклад даров природы в дозу внутреннего облучения вырос с 6% в 1987 г. до 25% в 1996 г.

In a large village Veprin of the Bryanskregion of Russiacontaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobylaccident, 137Сs concentration in food products of agricultural produce and natural origin was regularly measured, local inhabitants were polled on the composition of their food ration, and 137Сs content in their bodies was at the same time measured. These results were used as the basis for calculation of annual effective doses of internal exposure to inhabitants and for reconstruction of the dose during the entire period after the accident. It will be divided into two stages: 1986–1996 yy and 1997–2012 yy. In this paper devoted to the first period (1986–1996), internal dose was reconstructed for 11 years after the accident, and the efficiency of countermeasures performed for reduction of the internal dose was assessed. The internal dose to inhabitants during the past 11 years after the accident was shown to be reduced almost twice, namely down to 35 mSv instead of the expected 70 mSv. The dose of external gamma radiation during the same time period is close to the obtained dose of internal exposure. The presence of peat and water-meadow soils in the vicinity of this village that are characterised by high transfer factors for radionuclides from soil to vegetation causes high contribution of internal exposure in the total dose of population exposure. Contribution of natural products to the internal dose grew from 6% in 1987 up to 25% in 1996. Individual content of 137Сs in the body of inhabitants reliably correlates with the consumption of milk in the early period after the accident and with consumption of forest mushrooms in the remote period.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.