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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2021-14-4-45-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-834</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение ранних прогнозов заболеваемости раком щитовидной железы жителей Российской Федерации после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС с данными наблюдений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of early forecasts of the incidence of thyroid cancer in residents of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl accident with observational data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звонова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvonova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Звонова Ирина Александровна – доктор технических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Zvonova – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of Protection Laboratory</p><p>Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ir_zv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балонов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balonov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балонов Михаил Исаакович – доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Balonov – Doctor of Biologiсal Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of Protection Laboratory</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Звонова И.А., Балонов М.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Звонова И.А., Балонов М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zvonova I.A., Balonov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/834">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/834</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор методов оценки доз в щитовидной железе, прогнозов отдаленных последствий ее облучения и реальной заболеваемости раком щитовидной железы жителей 4 областей Российской Федерации с наиболее значительными радиоактивными выпадениями после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС. Методика оценки доз в щитовидной железе базируется на результатах мониторинга в мае – июне 1986 г. радиойода в окружающей среде, пищевых продуктах и в организме жителей. Данные дозиметрии щитовидной железы у населения были использованы для обоснования мер медицинской и социальной защиты, а также эпидемиологических исследований. Кроме того, органам власти и здравоохранения были необходимы прогнозы возможной заболеваемости населения для организации адекватного медицинского обслуживания. Большую часть заболеваний раком щитовидной железы прогнозировали среди взрослого населения, что не подтвердилось наблюдениями за 35 лет после аварии. Прогноз заболеваемости раком щитовидной железы детей дошкольного возраста различался в разных работах за счёт применения разных коэффициентов снижения биологической эффективности излучения 131I в щитовидной железе и долгосрочного внешнего и внутреннего облучения всего тела с малой мощностью дозы. Рост заболеваемости раком щитовидной железы среди детей начался через 5 лет после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС, приведены примеры динамики заболеваемости для детей Брянской области Российской Федерации. Обобщения НКДАР ООН 2018 г. показали, что за 1986–2015 гг. среди детей и подростков моложе 18 лет на день аварии в Белоруссии, Украине и 4 областях Российской Федерации выявлено более 19 тысяч заболеваний раком щитовидной железы, из них доля радиационно-индуцированных заболеваний оценена в 25%. Для 4 областей Российской Федерации это составляет 460 случаев с диапазоном возможных оценок от 130 до 900 случаев. Наибольшая заболеваемость проявилась среди младших детей, облученных в возрасте 0–4 года. У старших детей и подростков доля радиационно-индуцированных заболеваний существенно снизилась по прошествии 30 лет после аварии. В целом, ранние прогнозы радиационно-индуцированной заболеваемости раком щитовидной железы детей в 4 областях Российской Федерации с высокими уровнями радиоактивных выпадений согласуются с данными последующих 30-летних эпидемиологических наблюдений в пределах порядка величины. В отношении рака щитовидной железы у взрослых жителей такое сопоставление затруднено, поскольку радиогенное повышение заболеваемости не выявлено.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A review of methods for assessing doses in the thyroid gland, predictions of the long-term consequences of its irradiation and the actual incidence of thyroid cancer in residents of four regions of the Russian Federation with the most significant radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident are presented. The method for assessing doses in the thyroid gland is based on the results of monitoring in May-June 1986 of radioiodine in the environment, food and in the body of residents. Thyroid doses in the population were used to justify medical and social protection measures, as well as epidemiological studies. In addition, the authorities needed forecasts of the possible morbidity of the population in order to organize adequate medical care. Most of the thyroid cancer cases were predicted among the adult population, which was not confirmed by observations 35 years after the accident. The prognosis of the incidence of thyroid cancer in preschool children differed in different studies due to the use of different coefficients of reducing the biological effectiveness of 131I radiation in the thyroid gland and long-term external and internal irradiation of the whole body with a low dose rate compared to the effect of acute exposure. The increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among children began five years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Examples of the dynamics of the incidence for children in the Bryansk region of the Russian Federation are given. The 2018 UNSCEAR Report showed that for 1986-2015, among children and adolescents under 18 years of age on the day of the accident in Belarus, Ukraine and four regions of Russia, more than 19 thousand thyroid cancer cases were detected, of which the share of radiation-induced diseases was estimated at 25%. For four regions of Russia, this amounts to 460 cases with a range of possible estimates from 130 to 900 cases. The highest morbidity was manifested among younger children exposed at the age of 0-4 years. In older children and adolescents, the proportion of radiation-induced diseases has significantly decreased 30 years after the accident. In general, early forecasts of radiation-induced thyroid cancer incidence in children in four regions of the Russian Federation with high levels of radioactive fallout are consistent with the data of subsequent 30-year epidemiological observations within an order of magnitude. With regard to thyroid cancer in adults, such a comparison is difficult, since no radiogenic increase in the incidence has been detected.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>авария на Чернобыльской АЭС</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>дозы</kwd><kwd>прогноз и наблюдаемая заболеваемость раком щитовидной железы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chernobyl accident</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>thyroid doses</kwd><kwd>cancer prognosis and observed incidence of thyroid cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Научный комитет ООН по действию атомной радиации. Последствия облучения для здоровья человека в результате Чернобыльской аварии. Научное приложение D к Докладу НКДАР ООН 2008 года Генеральной Ассамблее. 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