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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2022-15-2-31-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние геометрии облучения на тяжесть острого радиационного поражения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of the irradiation geometry on the severity of acute radiation damage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голиков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golikov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций </p><p> 197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Senior Researcher of the Medical Protection Laboratory </p><p> Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sg235@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водоватов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodovatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией радиационной гигиены медицинских организаций, ведущий научный сотрудник; доцент кафедры гигиены </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> PhD, Researcher, Head of the Medical Protection Laboratory; Associate Professor of the Department of Hygiene </p><p>Saint-Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing;&#13;
Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Голиков В.Ю., Водоватов А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Голиков В.Ю., Водоватов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golikov V.Y., Vodovatov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/870">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/870</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена демонстрации того, как тяжесть радиационного поражения при остром облучении в случае костномозгового синдрома зависит от неоднородности облучения организма. В статье использовали метод расчета, при котором смертность организма оценивалась на основе функции выживания клеток костного мозга в зависимости от распределения в нем поглощенной дозы. Предполагалось, что вероятность смерти для организма одинакова для одного и того же значения уровня выживания клеток костного мозга независимо от распределения дозы по массе органа. Доза однородного облучения, эквивалентная дозе L-го случая неравномерного облучения, рассчитывалась на основе доли выживших клеток красного костного мозга. После этого вероятность смерти организма в случае костномозгового синдрома оценивалась с использованием зависимости смертности от поглощенной дозы в клетках красного костного мозга при их равномерном облучении. Рассчитывалось распределение поглощенной дозы в красном костном мозге для математической модели MIRD-5 тела взрослого человека для разных геометрий облучения от точечного источника 137Cs. Бóльшая неравномерность распределения дозы в костном мозге при одинаковой дозе в свободном воздухе в месте расположения фантома обусловливала бóльшую вероятность выживания из-за большей доли клеток костного мозга, которые сохранили способность к воспроизведению. Значения средней 50% летальной дозы для случаев приблизительно равномерного облучения поверхности фантома MIRD-5 (точечный источник на расстоянии 10 м) и резко неоднородного облучения (точечный источник на расстоянии 0,5 м) различались в 1,7–2,5 раза в зависимости от направления падения излучения. Кроме того, были рассчитаны значения коэффициентов перехода от показаний индивидуального дозиметра к эффективной дозе для различных геометрий облучения аварийных работников гамма-излучением точечного источника 137Cs. Среднее значение коэффициента перехода от дозы, зарегистрированной индивидуальным дозиметром, к эффективной дозе для рассматриваемых ситуаций облучения составило 0,70 Sv Gy-1 при 90% доверительном интервале 0,49–0,99 Sv Gy-1.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the severity of radiation damage in the case of bone marrow syndrome due to acute irradiation depends on the non-uniform irradiation of the body. We used the calculation method that involves the evaluation of organism mortality as a function of bone marrow cells colony survival vs dose for different radiation profiles. It was presumed that the probability of the death for the organism is the same for the same value of survival level of the bone marrow cells regardless of the dose distribution by mass of the organ. The dose of uniform irradiation that is equivalent to the dose for the L-th case of non-uniform irradiation is calculate based on the survival level of the total marrow cells. After that the probability of the death of the organism is estimated according to the dose response curve. Dose distribution in bone marrow of computational MIRD-5-type stylized model adult man for different geometries of exposure by point source of 137Cs was evaluated. Larger non-uniformity of the dose distribution in the bone marrow at the same dose in free air in the site of human location causes a greater probability of survival due to a greater proportion of bone marrow cells that have preserved the possibility of reproduction. The values of mean 50% lethal dose for cases of approximately uniform irradiation of the body surface (point source at a distance 10m) and sharply non-uniform irradiation (point source at a distance of 0.5 m) differ approximately by the factor of 1.7 – 2.5 depending on direction of irradiation. Additionally the values of conversion coefficients from the reading of an individual dosimeter to the value of an effective dose for various geometries of irradiation of emergency workers from the 137Cs point source were calculated. The average value of the conversion coefficient from personal dose to effective dose for the considered exposure situations is 0.7 Sv Cy-1 and the 90% confidence interval is 0.49 – 0.99 Sv Gy-1.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое облучение</kwd><kwd>радиационное поражение</kwd><kwd>костномозговой синдром</kwd><kwd>летальная доза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute irradiation</kwd><kwd>radiation damage</kwd><kwd>bone marrow syndrome</kwd><kwd>lethal dose</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. Volume II, Scientific Annexes C, D and E. 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