radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2022-15-2-87-94radhyd-875Research ArticleДискуссииDiscussionsПострадавший от радиационного воздействия человек – кто он?A person affected by radiation exposure – who is he?АклеевА. В.AkleyevA. V.

 доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, директор 

 454141, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 68-А

 Doctor of Medical Science, Professor, Honoured Science Worker of theRussian Federation, Director

68A Vorovsky street, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia 

akleyev@urcrm.ruАклеевА. А.AkleyevA. A.

 доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии 

Челябинск

 Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology

Chelyabinsk 

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; Челябинский государственный университетРоссияUrals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Chelyabinsk State UniversityRussian FederationЮжно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSouthern-Urals State Medical University, Russian Federation Ministry of Public HealthRussian Federation2022260620221528794Copyright © Аклеев А.В., Аклеев А.А., 20222022Аклеев А.В., Аклеев А.А.Akleyev A.V., Akleyev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/875

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, неопределенности и перспективы установления причинной связи заболеваний с радиационным воздействием. Обсуждаются критерии, которые могут быть использованы для оценки ущерба здоровью, вызванного облучением. Анализируется существующая практика признания отдельных категорий граждан в Российской Федерации пострадавшими от воздействия радиации, основанная на установлении межведомственными экспертными советами причинной связи заболеваний, инвалидности и случаев смерти с радиационным воздействием. Эксперты межведомственных экспертных советов при принятии решений руководствуются перечнем заболеваний, который должен регулярно актуализироваться на основании результатов радио-эпидемиологических исследований. Для объективизации принятия решений в работе обсуждаются перспективные научные исследования, направленные на индивидуализацию радиационного риска и поиск биологических предикторов и маркеров радиационно-индуцированных эффектов как детерминированной, так и стохастической природы.

 

The review dwells upon the problematic issues, uncertainties and prospects of establishing causal relationship between diseases and radiation exposure. The review discusses the challenges, uncertainties and prospects of establishing causation between exposure to radiation and diseases. The criteria that could be used to assess the radiation-induced health damage are considered. The existing practice of recognizing certain categories of citizens of the Russian Federation as people affected by radiation exposure, which is based on the establishing causal relationship between disease, invalidity, death with radiation exposure by Interdepartmental expert councils, is analyzed. Experts of Interdepartmental expert councils in taking the decision rely on to the list of diseases that should be updated consistently based on the findings of radio-epidemiological studies. To make the decision-making process objective, advanced scientific studies focused on individualization of the radiation risk and search for the biomarkers of radiation-induced effects, both deterministic and stochastic ones, are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.