<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2022-15-4-77-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-913</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка применимости метода масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой для задач специального индивидуального дозиметрического контроля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the applicability of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for special individual dosimetry monitoring</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-9494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баталов</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batalov</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баталов Вадим Робертович – исполняющий обязанности младшего научного сотрудника </p><p>456783, Челябинская область, г. Озерск, Озерское шоссе, д.19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim R. Batalov – Junior Researcher</p><p>Ozerskoe shosse, 19, Ozersk, 456780, Chelyabinsk oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vrbatalov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-4178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Александра Борисовна – научный сотрудник</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra B. Sokolova – Researcher</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-6559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимов Александр Владимирович – заведующий отделом радиационной безопасности и дозиметрии</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Efimov – Head of Department of Radiation Safety and Dosimetry</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-6463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джунушалиев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhunushaliev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джунушалиев Артем Борисович – инженер-программист</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem B. Dzhunushaliev – Programmer engineer</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский институт биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баталов В.Р., Соколова А.Б., Ефимов А.В., Джунушалиев А.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баталов В.Р., Соколова А.Б., Ефимов А.В., Джунушалиев А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Batalov V.R., Sokolova A.B., Efimov A.V., Dzhunushaliev A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/913">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/913</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях современного радиационно опасного производства повышенные уровни внутреннего облучения персонала обусловлены в основном поступлением радионуклидов в ситуациях, вызванных неисправностью оборудования или неправильными действиями персонала, что может приводить или приводит к облучению выше установленных норм. В таких случаях для определения величины поступления и оценки ожидаемой эффективной дозы внутреннего облучения собирается суточное количество мочи и/или кала, далее следует подготовка счетных образцов и их последующее измерение. В совокупности продолжительность получения результата составляет от 3 до 8 дней в зависимости от метода измерения. В случае острого поступления плутония важно как можно быстрее оценить уровни поступления нуклида в организм, чтобы принять решение о тактике лечения и снижения дозовых нагрузок. Для достижения вышеуказанной цели в Южно-Уральском институте биофизики была разработана методика измерения активности плутония-239 в крови с применением масс-спектрометра с индуктивно связанной плазмой, так как в первые часы и сутки после поступления (ингаляционного или через поврежденные кожные покровы) концентрация радионуклида в крови находится на максимальном уровне. Также разработан метод измерения плутония в аликвоте мочи с использованием масс-спектрометра для выполнения специального индивидуального дозиметрического контроля, практически не требующий пробоподготовки, что позволяет получить оценку поступления в течение нескольких часов. Показано, что в зависимости от пути поступления и химической формы поступающих соединений плутония измерение активности плутония в крови и аликвоте мочи методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой позволяет определять от 0,1 до 47% от предела поступления в течение первых суток после события. Анализ пробы крови занимает от 1 до 1,5 рабочих дней против недели для анализа пробы мочи альфа-спектрометрическим методом. Применение разработанной методики, помимо целей индивидуального дозиметрического контроля, позволит получить новую информацию о влиянии хелатотерапии на поведение плутония в организме человека. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the condition of modern radiation hazardous production, higher levels of personnel internal exposure are mainly due to the intake of radionuclides in situations caused by faulty equipment or wrong actions of personnel which can or do result in the exposure that exceeds established standards. In such cases, to determine the intake and committed effective dose, daily amount of urine and/or feces is collected followed by the preparation of loads and their subsequent measurements. For a total, it takes three to eight days to obtain the result depending on the method of measurement used. In case of acute intake of plutonium, it is important to estimate the levels of the nuclide intake as soon as possible in order to decide on treatment strategy and dose reduction. To achieve the above goal, the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute has developed a technique for measuring the plutonium-239 activity in blood using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as in the first hours and 24 hours after intake (through inhalation or damaged skin) the radionuclide concentration in blood is at its maximum level. Also a method has been developed to measure plutonium in urine aliquot using mass-spectrometry to perform special individual dosimetry monitoring that requires almost no sample preparation which allows to estimate the intake within a few hours. It is shown that, depending on the route of intake and chemical form of plutonium compounds entered, the measurement of plutonium activity in blood and urine aliquot performed by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method allows to determine from 0.1 to 47% of intake limit within the first 24 hours after an accident. The analysis of a blood sample takes one to one-and-a-half workdays against a week required to analyze a urine sample using alpha-spectrometry. The application of the developed methodology, apart from the goal of individual dosimetry monitoring, will provide new information on the effects of chelation therapy on the plutonium behavior in the human body. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой</kwd><kwd>плутоний</kwd><kwd>кровь</kwd><kwd>моча</kwd><kwd>дозиметрия внутреннего облучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry</kwd><kwd>plutonium</kwd><kwd>blood</kwd><kwd>urine</kwd><kwd>internal dosimetry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Российской Федерации «Развитие научно-методического обеспечения индивидуального дозиметрического контроля профессионального внутреннего облучения» код – 11.303.22.2 шифр «Контроль-22», финансируемого ФМБА России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Russian Federation “Development of scientific and methodological support for individual dosimetry monitoring of occupational internal exposure” code –  11.303.22.2 name code “Control-22”, funded by the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколова А.Б., Ефимов А.В. Современное состояние системы дозиметрического сопровождения случаев острого поступления актинидов у работников ПО “Маяк” // Вопросы Радиационной Безопасности. Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Производственное объединение Маяк, 2018. № 3 (91), С. 56–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolova AB, Efimov AV. Current State of the Dosimetry Monitoring of Acute Actinide Intakes on the Mayak PA Workers. Voprosy radiatsionnoy bezopasnosti = Radiation Safety Problems. 2018;3(91): 56-64 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хохряков В.В., Хохряков В.Ф., Суслова К.Г. и др. Состояние и перспективы развития дозиметрии внутреннего облучения персонала ПО “Маяк” // Вопросы радиационной безопасности. 2004. Т. 3, С. 25–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khokhryakov VV, Khokhryakov VF, Suslova KG, et al. Status and Prospects of the Internal Dosimetry for “Mayak” PA Personnel. Voprosy radiatsionnoy bezopasnosti = Radiation Safety Problems. 2004;3(35): 25-40 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gajek R., Barley F., She J. Determination of essential and toxic metals in blood by ICP-MS with calibration in synthetic matrix // Analytical Methods. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. Vol. 5, № 9. P. 2193–2202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajek R, Barley F, She J. Determination of essential and toxic metals in blood by ICP-MS with calibration in synthetic matrix. Analytical Methods. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013;5(9): 2193–2202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer C.D., Lewis M.E., Geraghty C.M. et al. Determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in blood for assessment of environmental exposure: A comparison between inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry // Spectrochim. Acta Part B At. Spectrosc. 2006. Vol. 61, № 8. P. 980–990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer CD, Lewis ME, Geraghty CM, et al. Determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in blood for assessment of environmental exposure: A comparison between inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica. Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 2006:61(8): 980–990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Уланова Т.С., Вейхман Г.А. и др. Пат. № 2585369 C1 Российская Федерация, МПК G01N 33/84. Способ определения содержания кадмия, свинца, мышьяка, хрома, никеля, меди, цинка, марганца, ванадия, стронция, селена, таллия в крови методом массспектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой, опубл. 27.05.2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytseva NV, Ulanova TS, Veykhman GA, et al. Pat. 2585369 C1 Russian Federation, IPC G01N 33/84. Method of Determining Content of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic. Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Zink, Manganese, Vanadium, Strontium, Selenium, Thallium in Blood by Mass Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma, publ. 27.05.2016 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уланова Т.С., Гилева О.В., Стенно Е.В. и др. Определение стронция в цельной крови и моче методом массспектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой // Биомедицинская Химия. НИИ биомедицинской химии имени В.Н. Ореховича, 2015. Т. 61, № 5, С. 613–616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulanova TS, Gileva OV, Stenno EV, et al. Determination of Strontium Content in Whole Blood and Urine by ICP-MS. Biomeditsinskaya khimiya = Biomedical Chemistry. Scientific Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry named after V.N. Orekhovich. 2015;61(5): 613–616 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уланова Т.С., Стенно Е.В., Вейхман Г.А. и др. Оценка содержания токсичных микроэлементов в крови рабочих машиностроительного предприятия // Методы и Объекты Химического Анализа. 2013. Т. 8, № 2, С. 72–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulanova TS, Stenno EV, Veykhman GA, et al. Evaluation of Toxic Trace Elements in the Blood of Machine-Building Plant Workers. Metody i objecty kchimicheskogo analiza = Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. 2013;8(2): 72–75 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izumoto Y., Fukutsu K., Takamura K. et al. Rapid detection of plutonium contamination with and without uranium contamination in wounds by x-ray fluorescence // Journal of Radiology Protection. IOP Publishing, 2020. Vol. 40, № 3. P. 692–703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izumoto Y, Fukutsu K, Takamura K, et al. Rapid detection of plutonium contamination with and without uranium contamination in wounds by x-ray fluorescence. Journal of Radiological Protection. IOP Publishing. 2020;40(3): 692–703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Музгин В.Н., Емельянова Н.Н., Пупышев А.А. Массспектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой – новый метод в аналитической химии // Аналитика и Контроль. 1998. Т. 2, № 3–4, С. 3–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muzgin VN, Emelyanova NN, Pupyshev AA. Mass Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma – a New Method in Analytical Chemistry. Analitika i Kontrol = Analytics and Control. 1998;2(3–4): 3–25 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каменев А.Г., Чубинский-Надеждин И.В., Куликов Ю.В. и др. Масс-спектрометрический анализ изотопного состава актинидов в ультра-малых пробах. Тезисы докладов Всероссийской Конференции «Химический анализ веществ и материалов». Москва, 16-20 апреля, 2000. М., 2000. С. 366–367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamenev AG, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin IV, Kulikov YuV, et al. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Composition of Actinides in Ultra-small Samples. Abstracts of the All-Russian Conference “Chemical analysis of substances and materials”. Moscow, 16-20 April, 2000. Moscow, 2000. P. 366–367 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чубинский-Надеждин И.В., Куликов Ю.В., Каменев А.Г. и др. Чувствительность и пределы обнаружения при массспектрометрическом анализе ультрамалых проб урана и плутония // Научное Приборостроение. 2003. Т. 13, № 1, С. 24–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin IV, Kulikov YuV, Kamenev AG, et al. Sensitivity and Detection Limits in Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Ultra-small Samples of Uranium and Plutonium. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie = Scientific Instrumentation. 2003;13(1): 24–31 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Y., Qiao J., Hou X. et al. Determination of plutonium isotopes (238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu) in environmental samples using radiochemical separation combined with radiometric and mass spectrometric measurements // Talanta. 2014. Vol. 119. P. 590–595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Y, Qiao J, Hou X, et al. Determination of plutonium isotopes (238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu) in environmental samples using radiochemical separation combined with radiometric and mass spectrometric measurements. Talanta. 2014;119: 590–595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epov V.N., Evans R.D., Zheng J. et al. Rapid fingerprinting of 239Pu and 240Pu in environmental samples with high U levels using on-line ion chromatography coupled with high-sensitivity quadrupole ICP-MS detection // Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2007. Vol. 22, № 9. P. 1131–1137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epov VN, Evans RD, Zheng J, et al. Rapid fingerprinting of 239Pu and 240Pu in environmental samples with high U levels using on-line ion chromatography coupled with high-sensitivity quadrupole ICP-MS detection. Journal of Analytical Atomic. Spectrometry. 2007;22(9): 1131–1137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith V.H. Therapeutic removal of internally deposited transuranium elements // Health Physics. 1972. Vol. 22, № 6. P. 765–778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith VH. Therapeutic removal of internally deposited transuranium elements. Health Physics. 1972;22(6): 765–778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volf V. Optimisation and Status of Chelation Therapy // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. Oxford Academic, 1989. Vol. 26, № 1–4. P. 331–335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volf V. Optimisation and Status of Chelation Therapy. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. Oxford Academic. 1989;26(1–4): 331–335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сохранич А.Л., Кабирова Н.Р., Любчанский Э.Р. Пат. № 2051682 Российская Федерация, МПК A61K 33/30. Способ профилактики поражения плутонием-239 в ранние сроки, опубл. 10.01.1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokhranich AL, Kabirova NR, Lyubchansky EhR. Pat. RU 2051682 Russian Federation, IPS A61K 33/30. Method of Plutonium-239 Damage Prophylaxis in the Early Period. 1996 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сохранич А.Л., Любчанский Э.Р. Пат. № 2026066 C1 Российская Федерация, МПК A61K 9/12, A61K 33/00. Способ выведения из организма плутония-239, поступившего через легкие, опубл. 09.01.1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokhranich AL, Lyubchansky EhR. Pat. RU 2026066 C1 Russian Federation, IPS A61K 9/12, A61K 33/00. Method for Removing Plutonium-239 Ingressed Via Lungs. 1995(In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh V.K., Romaine P.L.P., Seed T.M. Medical Countermeasures for Radiation Exposure and Related Injuries: Characterization of Medicines, FDA-Approval Status and Inclusion into the Strategic National Stockpile // Health Physics. 2015. Vol. 108, № 6. P. 607–630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh VK, Romaine PLP, Seed TM. Medical Countermeasures for Radiation Exposure and Related Injuries: Characterization of Medicines, FDA-Approval Status and Inclusion into the Strategic National Stockpile. Health Physics. 2015;108(6): 607–630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhattacharyya M.H., Breitenstein B.D., Metivier H. et al. Guidebook for the treatment of accidental internal radionuclide contamination of workers // Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 1992. Vol. 41, № 1. P. 1–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhattacharyya MH, Breitenstein BD, Metivier H, et al. Guidebook for the treatment of accidental internal radionuclide contamination of workers. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 1992;41(1): 1–49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vennart J. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers: ICRP Publication 30 // Health Physics. 1981. Vol. 40, № 4. P. 477–484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vennart J. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers: ICRP Publication 30. Health Physics. 1981;40(4): 477–484. 21. Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides – Part 2 Ingestion Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication 67. Ann. ICRP 23 (3-4), 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides – Part 2 Ingestion Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication 67. Ann. ICRP 23 (3-4), 1993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NCRP Report No 156, Development of a Biokinetic Model for Radionuclide-contaminated Wounds and Procedures for their Assessment, Dosimetry and Treatment Radium History Mosaic Report No 157, Radiation Protection in Educational Institutions. Journal of Radiological Protection. IOP Publishing, 2008;28(2): 261–264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NCRP Report No 156, Development of a Biokinetic Model for Radionuclide-contaminated Wounds and Procedures for their Assessment, Dosimetry and Treatment Radium History Mosaic Report No 157, Radiation Protection in Educational Institutions // Journal of Radiology Protection. IOP Publishing, 2008. Vol. 28, № 2. P. 261–264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konzen K, Brey R. Development of the Plutonium-DTPA Biokinetic Model. Health Physics. 2015;108(6): 565–573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konzen K., Brey R. Development of the Plutonium-DTPA Biokinetic Model // Health Physics. 2015. Vol. 108, № 6. P. 565–573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valentin J. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values: ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP. 2002; 32 (3): 1–277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valentin J. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values: ICRP Publication 89 // Ann. ICRP. 2002. Vol. 32, № 3. P. 1–277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valentin J. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values: ICRP Publication 89 // Ann. ICRP. 2002. Vol. 32, № 3. P. 1–277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
