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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2022-15-4-97-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-915</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инкорпорирование трития культурами перца и баклажана при кратковременном воздействии окиси трития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Incorporation of tritium by pepper and eggplant cultures with short-term exposure to tritium oxide</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поливкина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polivkina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поливкина Елена Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, начальник лаборатории радиоэкологических исследований</p><p>071100, Республика Казахстан, г. Курчатов, ул. Бейбит-Атом, д.2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Polivkina – candidate of biological sciences, head of the Laboratory of Radioecological Research</p><p>ul. Beybit-Atom, 2, Kurchatov 071100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polivkina@nnc.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сысоева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysoyeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сысоева Елена Сергеевна – магистрант 2 курса Новосибирского государственного педагогического университета, специалист-эколог лаборатории радиоэкологических исследований</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Sysoyeva – 2nd year Master’s student (Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University), ecologist of the laboratory of radioecological research</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романенко Екатерина Викторовна – магистрант 2 курса Томского политехнического университета, инженер лаборатории ядерно-физических методов анализа</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Romanenko – 2nd year Master’s student (Tomsk polytechnic university), engineer of the laboratory of nuclear physical methods of analysis</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Субботина</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbotina</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Субботина Лилия Федоровна – инженер лаборатории радиоэкологических исследований</p><p>Курчатов,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya F. Subbotina – engineer of the laboratory of radioecological research</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паницкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panitskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паницкий Андрей Васильевич – кандидат биологических наук, ассоциированный профессор, начальник отдела комплексных исследований экосистем</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Panitskiy – PhD, associate professor, head of the department of integrated ecosystem research</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жамалдинов</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhamaldinov</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жамалдинов Фаиль Ферхатович – аспирант 2 курса Томского политехнического университета, начальник лаборатории ядерно-физических методов анализа</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fail F. Zhamaldinov – 2nd year postgraduate student (Tomsk polytechnic university), head of the laboratory of nuclear physical methods of analysis</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кенжина</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kenzhina</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кенжина Лаура Болатовна – кандидат медицинских наук, начальник лаборатории биодозиметрических исследований</p><p>Курчатов,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laura B. Kenzhina – candidate of medical sciences, head of the laboratory of dosimetric research</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал «Институт радиационной безопасности и экологии» Национального ядерного центра Республики Казахстан</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology of National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поливкина Е.Н., Сысоева Е.С., Романенко Е.В., Субботина Л.Ф., Паницкий А.В., Жамалдинов Ф.Ф., Кенжина Л.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поливкина Е.Н., Сысоева Е.С., Романенко Е.В., Субботина Л.Ф., Паницкий А.В., Жамалдинов Ф.Ф., Кенжина Л.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polivkina E.N., Sysoyeva E.S., Romanenko E.V., Subbotina L.F., Panitskiy A.V., Zhamaldinov F.F., Kenzhina L.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/915">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/915</self-uri><abstract><p>Растения являются ключевым звеном в процессе миграции трития как в экосистеме в целом, так и в трофической структуре в частности. Значительную часть трития растения в результате фотосинтеза включают в органическое вещество. В данном аспекте исследование процессов инкорпорирования трития и его возможного вклада в дозовую нагрузку на человека при поступлении внутрь с растениеводческой продукцией является актуальной задачей. Цель исследования заключалась в количественной оценке инкорпорирования трития широко культивируемыми культурами перца (Capsicum annuum) и баклажана (Solanum melongena) при кратковременном воздействии паров окиси трития в лабораторных и натурных условиях. Для достижения данной цели проведено экспонирование предварительно выращенных в чистых условиях растений на стадии созревания в камере и натурных условиях бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Отбор воздуха производили с помощью коллектора трития «OS 1700». Подготовку растений для измерения органически-связанного трития выполняли с использованием установки «Sample Oxidizer». Активность трития в пробах измеряли на «QUANTULUS 1220». Установлено, что активность трития в свободной воде тканей листьев Capsicum annuum и Solanum melongena на 1–2 порядка выше, чем в стеблях и плодах. Разница между концентрацией трития в свободной воде тканей и органически связанным тритием во всех вариантах экспозиции составила также 1–2 порядка. Распределение трития в свободной воде тканей обеих культур при кратковременном воздействии окиси трития описывается убывающим рядом: «листья &lt; стебли &lt; плоды». Для органически-связанного трития не установлено четкой закономерности в распределении по органам, что, скорее всего, обусловлено коротким периодом экспозиции растений. К моменту полного созревания плодов наблюдается значительное снижение активности трития в свободной воде тканей (основного источника формирования органически связанного трития в постэкспозиционный период) во всех органах растений. Для органически связанного трития в листьях и стеблях отмечалось как повышение, так и снижение концентрации, а в созревших плодах она осталась практически на том же уровне, как в конце экспозиции. Скорость конверсии трития в органическую форму в натурных условиях Семипалатинского испытательного полигона выше, чем в камере, в 15–30 раз, а транслокация органически связанного трития в съедобную часть овощных культур – в 2–4 раза, независимо от концентрации окиси трития в воздухе и листьях. Согласно результатам консервативной оценки, возможный вклад в дозу внутреннего облучения от перорального поступления трития при употреблении 1 кг овощей, загрязненных в результате кратковременного воздействия, исходя из абсолютной активности форм радионуклида в плодах Capsicum annuum и Solanum melongena, составит: для ТСВ – 0,7 и 5,6 нЗв; для органически связанного трития − 1,7 и 2,4 нЗв соответственно. Так как уровни окиси трития в выбросах предприятий ядерного топливного цикла значительно ниже по сравнению с экспериментальными, возможный вклад трития в дозу внутреннего облучения населения от перорального поступления с растениеводческой продукцией, подвергшейся кратковременному аэральному загрязнению радионуклидом, будет пренебрежимо мал. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents results of a study of tritium incorporation by vegetable crops with short-term aerial exposure to tritium oxide in laboratory and field conditions. Plants are a key link in the process of tritium migration both in the ecosystem as a whole and in the trophic structure in particular. As a result of photosynthesis, much of tritium is incorporated into the organic matter of plants. In this aspect, the study of tritium incorporation processes and its possible contribution to human radiation exposure from ingested crop products is a relevant task. The aim of the study was to assess tritium incorporation by vegetable crops quantitatively at aerial entry of the radionuclide in the form of tritium oxide. To achieve this goal, laboratory (in the chamber) and field (in the territory of the former Semipalatinsk Test Site) experiments were conducted with commonly cultivated pepper (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) that were affected by short-term exposure to tritium oxide vapors. Air was sampled with a tritium collector “OS 1700”. Plant samples for measuring organically bound tritium were prepared using a “Sample Oxidizer” unit. Tritium activity in samples was measured with “QUANTULUS 1220”. It was found that tissue free water tritium activity in leaves of Capsicum annuum and Solanum melongena was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than in stems and fruits. The distribution of tissue free water tritium in both crops with a short-term aerial exposure is described by a decreasing series: “leaves &lt; stems &lt; fruits”. The difference between the tissue free water tritium and organically bound tritium concentration in plants for all exposure variants was also 1-2 orders of magnitude. For organically bound tritium, no distinct regularity in the distribution of plant parts was established, which is most likely due to the short period of exposure. By the time the fruits were fully ripe, a significant decrease in the activity of tissue free water tritium (the main source of the formation of organically bound tritium in the post-exposure period) in all plant parts was observed. For organically bound tritium, both an increase and a decrease in the concentration were noted in leaves and stems, and in ripe fruits it remained almost at the same level as at the end of the exposure. The conversion rate of tritium in field conditions was 15-30 times than in the chamber. Organically bound tritium translocation into edible parts of vegetable crops in field conditions was 2-4 times higher than in the chamber, regardless of the tritium oxide concentration in air and leaves. According to a conservative assessment, the possible contribution to the dose of internal exposure from ingested tritium per 1 kg of vegetables contaminated as a result of short–term exposure, based on the absolute activity of radionuclide forms in Capsicum annuum and Solanum melongena fruits will be: for tissue free water tritium – 0.7 and 5.6 nSv; for organically bound tritium – 1.7 and 2.4 nSv, respectively. Since the levels of tritium oxide in the emissions of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises are much lower compared to experimental ones, the possible contribution of tritium to the dose of public internal exposure from the ingestion with crop products after a short-term tritium oxide exposure will be negligible.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритий</kwd><kwd>окись трития</kwd><kwd>тритий свободной воды тканей</kwd><kwd>органически связанный тритий</kwd><kwd>скорость конверсии</kwd><kwd>индекс транслокации</kwd><kwd>вклад в дозовую нагрузку</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tritium</kwd><kwd>tritium oxide</kwd><kwd>tissue free water tritium</kwd><kwd>organically bound tritium</kwd><kwd>conversion rate</kwd><kwd>translocation index</kwd><kwd>contribution to radiation exposure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансирование работы осуществлялось в рамках Бюджетной программы 217 «Развитие науки», подпрограммы 102 «Грантовое финансирование научных исследований» (Проект АП0808956713 «Исследование радиационно-гигиенической опасности техногенного трития при его накоплении растениеводческой продукцией для оценки дозовой нагрузки на население»).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was funded under the Budget program 217 «Scientific development», subprogram 102 «Grant funding of  scientific research» (Project АП0808956713 «Research into  radiological and hygienic hazard posed by man-made tritium when accumulated by crop products for assessing public radiation exposure»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinberg A.M. 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