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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2023-16-3-91-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Радиационные измерения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Radiation measuRements</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методические особенности наблюдения за многолетней динамикой малых уровней трития в окружающей среде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodological features of monitoring the long-term dynamics of low levels of tritium in the environment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репин</surname><given-names>В. C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of Ecology Laboratory</p><p>Mira Str., 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Ecology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленцова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelentsova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Ecology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седнев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhangelskaya</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acting Junior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архангельская</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sednev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Ecology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора&#13;
П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия&#13;
человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Репин В.C., Варфоломеева К.В., Зеленцова С.А., Седнев К.А., Архангельская Г.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Репин В.C., Варфоломеева К.В., Зеленцова С.А., Седнев К.А., Архангельская Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Repin V.S., Varfolomeeva K.V., Zelentsova S.A., Arkhangelskaya G.V., Sednev K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/978">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/978</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены методические особенности обеспечения многолетних наблюдений за динамикой изменений малых уровней трития в водных объектах окружающей среды, расположенных в местах потенциального выноса трития. На примере измерений трития на низкофоновом жидкостном сцинтилляционном альфа-, бетарадиометре излучения «Quantulus 1220-003» показано, что точность оценки абсолютных значений удельной активности трития в исследуемых пробах при его малых уровнях существенно связана со скоростью счета фонового образца. При планировании длительных динамических наблюдений за изменениями малых уровней трития в водных объектах необходимо заранее предусмотреть ряд факторов, от которых зависит точность оценок. Одним из наиболее значимых факторов является наличие фонового образца со скоростью счета не более 0,6 имп/мин, который обеспечивает возможность измерения удельной активности трития 1 Бк/л в течение 12 ч. Стабильность и воспроизводимость результатов можно контролировать с помощью эталонного раствора, который должен использоваться на протяжении всего периода динамического наблюдения. Градуировка прибора с помощью эталонного раствора должна предусматриваться каждый раз при смене сцинтилляционного коктейля, поскольку могут быть различия эффективности до 10% при использовании однотипных сцинтилляторов с разным сроком хранения. Для подготовки счетных образцов следует выбирать помещения с минимальными уровнями трития во влаге воздуха и на существенном удалении от помещений, где проводятся работы с повышенными уровнями активности трития. При повторном использовании виал следует иметь в виду, что эффективность регистрации трития может снизиться, поэтому при употреблении таких виал следует также провести градуировочные измерения эталонных растворов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the methodological features of long-term observations of the dynamics of changes in low levels of tritium in water bodies of the environment located in places of potential contamination by tritium. The еxperience of measurements of tritium on the low-background liquid scintillation alpha-, beta-radiometer “Quantulus 1220-003” has shown, that the accuracy of estimating the absolute values of the specific activity of tritium in the samples under study at its low levels is significantly related to the counting rate of the background sample. When planning long-term dynamic observations of changes in low levels of tritium in water bodies, it is necessary to foresee a number of factors that affect the accuracy of the estimates. One of the most significant factors is the presence of a background sample with a count rate of not more than 0.6 imp/ min, which makes it possible to measure the activity concentration of tritium at a level of 1 Bq/l for 12 hours. The stability and reproducibility of the results can be monitored using a reference solution, which must be used throughout the entire period of dynamic observation. Calibration of the device using the reference solution should be provided each time the scintillation cocktail is changed, since there may be differences in efficiency up to 10% when using the same type of scintillators with different shelf life. For the preparation of counting samples, rooms with minimal levels of tritium in air moisture and at a significant distance from rooms where work with elevated levels of tritium activity is carried out should be chosen. When reusing vials, it should be borne in mind that the efficiency of tritium detection may decrease, therefore, when using such vials, calibration measurements of standard solutions should also be carried out.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритий</kwd><kwd>окружающая среда</kwd><kwd>малые уровни</kwd><kwd>жидкостная спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>длительные динамические наблюдения</kwd><kwd>фоновый образец</kwd><kwd>эталонный образец</kwd><kwd>точность измерений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tritium</kwd><kwd>environment</kwd><kwd>low levels</kwd><kwd>liquid spectrometry</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>long-term dynamic observations</kwd><kwd>background sample</kwd><kwd>reference sample</kwd><kwd>measurement accuracy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубачева А.А., Каткова М.Н., Тарасенко А.О., и др. 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