radhydРадиационная гигиенаRadiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene1998-426X2409-9082NIIRG10.21514/1998-426X-2023-16-4-70-83radhyd-990Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsВлияние добывающих и топливно-энергетических предприятий на радиационный фон территорийImpact of mining and fuel and energy enterprises on the radiation background of territorieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-8202ПеревощиковР. Д.PerevoshchikovR. D.

Перевощиков Роман Дмитриевич – ведущий инженер научно-исследовательской лаборатории экологической геологии Естественнонаучного института 

Адрес для переписки: 614068, г. Пермь, ул. Генкеля, 4

Roman D. Perevoshchikov – leading engineer of the research laboratory of Environmental Geology of the Natural Science Institute

Address for correspondence: Genkel Str., 4, Perm, 614068, Russia;

rperevoshhikov@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-7740ПеревощиковаА. А.PerevoshchikovaA. A.

Перевощикова Анна Александровна – младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов Естественнонаучного института; аспирант факультета химических технологий, промышленной экологии и биотехнологий 

г. Пермь

Anna A. Perevoshchikova – Junior Researcher at the Research Laboratory for Biogeochemistry of Man-Made Landscapes, Institute of Natural Science ; PhD student at the Department of Chemical Technology, Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology

Perm

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5199-7590МеньшиковаЕ. А.MenshikovaE. A.

Меньшикова Елена Александровна – ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории экологической геологии Естественнонаучного института 

г. Пермь

 

Elena A. Menshikova – Leading Researcher of the Ecological Geology Research Laboratory of the Natural Science Institute , Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor

Perm

Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияPerm State National Research Polytechnic UniversityRussian Federation2023201220231647083Copyright © Перевощиков Р.Д., Перевощикова А.А., Меньшикова Е.А., 20232023Перевощиков Р.Д., Перевощикова А.А., Меньшикова Е.А.Perevoshchikov R.D., Perevoshchikova A.A., Menshikova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/990

В настоящем обзоре представлена информация о радиационном фоне территорий в зоне влияния добывающих и топливно-энергетических предприятий. С развитием горнодобывающей деятельности происходит увеличение поступления естественных радионуклидов из недр. Многие радионуклиды и металлы, которые переносятся на значительные расстояния от предприятий потоками воздуха, поверхностными и грунтовыми водами, накапливаются в почвах, грунтах и донных отложениях прилегающих территорий. В данной работе представлен обзор удельной активности естественных радионуклидов для территорий разработки калийных, фосфатных, углеводородных и угольных месторождений. Разрабатываемые калийные руды являются источником поступления в окружающую среду 40К. Согласно полученным результатам, миграция исследованных радионуклидов ограничивается зоной 2 км. Только незначительная часть исследованных проб (8%) превышает среднемировые активности 40К для почв. В донных отложениях средняя активность 40К не превышает значений по другим территориям с техногенным влиянием. Ежегодно во всем мире потребляется более 30 млн т фосфорных удобрений, применение которых увеличивает производство сельскохозяйственных культур. Удельная активность урана в фосфатах колеблется от 37 до 4900 Бк/кг для 238U и от 100 до 10 000 Бк/кг для 226Rа. Величину радиоактивности нефти, газа и пластовых вод оценивают через определение активности 40K, 226Ra, 232Th. Согласно опубликованным данным, вблизи устьев скважин, в местах скопления нефтешламов, в районе факелов на нефтяных и газовых предприятиях наблюдается повышенный радиационный фон в результате выноса на поверхность 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr и др. Источниками радиоактивного загрязнения окружающей среды являются и угледобывающие предприятия, на которых вместе с углём из недр поступает большое количество естественных радионуклидов (238U, 234U, 226Ra, 232Th). В работе представлена средняя активность естественных радионуклидов в углях некоторых угольных месторождений мира. По мере развития добывающего и топливно-энергетического комплексов происходит активный вынос на дневную поверхность вместе с минеральным сырьем естественных радионуклидов 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, 238U, что приводит к возрастанию радиационного фона и требует внимания к этим изотопам в программах мониторинга окружающей среды.

This review provides information on the radiation situation in mining and energy production facilities. Mining activities are considered as one of the significant sources of radioactivity. Many radionuclides and metals that are transported by surface and ground waters, air flows over significant distances, contaminating soils, subsoil and bottom sediments of the adjacent territory, forming geochemically specific naturaltechnogenic areas. In this work is given an overview of radiation conditions in the territories of potassium phosphate, hydrocarbon and coal deposits. Developed potassium ores are the source of 40K emission into the environment. According to the results obtained, the migration of investigated radionuclides is limited to the zone of 2 km. Only an insignificant part of the investigated samples (8%) exceeds the world average activity of 40K for soils. In bottom sediments, the average activity of 40K does not exceed the values for other territories with anthropogenic impact. More than 30 million tonnes of phosphate fertilizers are consumed worldwide each year, and their use increases crop production. However, a possible negative effect of these fertilisers is the contamination of cultivated land with some natural radionuclides. Uranium concentrations in phosphate vary from 37 to 4900 Bq/kg for 238U and from 100 to 10 000 Bq/kg for 226Ra. The amount of radioactivity in oil, gas and formation water is estimated through determination of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th. According to the published data, increased radiation background is observed near wellheads, in the places of oil sludge accumulation, near the flares at oil and gas enterprises, as a result of bringing a number of natural and man-made radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr, etc.) to the day surface. Coal mines are sources of radioactive contamination. This results from the extraction of large amounts of natural radionuclides from the subsoil together with the coal. This paper presents the average natural radionuclides content in coals from some of the world’s coal mines. With the development of mining and fuel-energy complexes, there is an active export to the surface together with minerals of natural radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, 238U, which leads to an increase in the radiation load on the environment. In this connection, the problems of ensuring radiation safety at the facilities of mining and fuel and energy industry require the closest attention. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.