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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radhyd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиационная гигиена</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-426X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2409-9082</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NIIRG</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21514/1998-426X-2023-16-4-84-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radhyd-991</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандартизация контроля радона в зданиях на основе рационального критерия оценки соответствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Standardization of indoor radon measurements based on rational criterion for conformity assessment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-381X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цапалов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsapalov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цапалов Андрей Анатольевич – кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник, консультант в области исследований и регулирования радона </p><p>Адрес для переписки: 124498, Москва, Зеленоград, Георгиевский пр., д. 5, этаж 2, комната 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Tsapalov – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Experienced Researcher, Consultant in the field of radon research and regulation </p><p>Address for correspondence: Georgievsky prospect, 5, floor 2, room 49, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey-ants@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-2293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселев Сергей Михайлович – кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией регулирующего надзора за объектами ядерного наследия отдела радиационной безопасности населения</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey M. Kiselev – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Regulatory Supervision of Nuclear Heritage Objects, Department of Radiation Safety of the Population</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8227-8975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковлер</surname><given-names>К. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovler</surname><given-names>K. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковлер Константин Леонидович – кандидат технических наук, профессор, заведующий отделом строительных материалов и технологий факультета строительства и охраны окружающей среды </p><p>Хайфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin L. Kovler – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department “Building Materials, Performance and Technology” of the National Building Research Institute, Department of Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering</p><p>Haifa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-6275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микляев</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miklyaev</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Микляев Петр Сергеевич – доктор геолого-минералогических наук, профессор Российской академии наук, заместитель директора по научной работе Института геоэкологии им. Е.М. Сергеева Российской академии наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Peter S. Miklyaev – Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Work</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Татьяна Борисовна – кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник химического факультета </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Petrova – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Faculty of Chemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-6530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуковский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukovsky</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жуковский Михаил Владимирович – доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник Института промышленной экологии </p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael V. Zhukovsky – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Experimental Physics of the Ural Federal University</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-1513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмошенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmoshenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярмошенко Илья Владимирович – кандидат физико-математических наук, директор</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Yarmoshenko – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Director of the Institute of Industrial Ecology</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-0234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маренный</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marennyy</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маренный Альберт Михайлович – доктор физико-математических наук, академик Российской академии естественных наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории природных источников ионизирующих излучений</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albert M. Marennyy – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Natural Sources of Ionizing Radiation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тутельян Ольга Евгеньевна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией радиационного контроля и физических факторов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga E. Tutelyan – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Radiation Control and Physical Factors</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кувшинников</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuvshinnikov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кувшинников Сергей Иванович – врач по радиационной гигиене лаборатории радиационного контроля и физических факторов </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Kuvshinnikov – Radiation Hygiene Doctor, Laboratory of Radiation Control and Physical Factors, Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-производственное предприятие «ДОЗА»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Production Company «Doza», Ltd</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center – A. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Израильский технологический институт «Технион»</institution><country>Израиль</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</institution><country>Israel</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геоэкологии им. Е.М. Сергеева Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт промышленной экологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-технический центр радиационно-химической безопасности и гигиены Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цапалов А.А., Киселев С.М., Ковлер К.Л., Микляев П.С., Петрова Т.Б., Жуковский М.В., Ярмошенко И.В., Маренный А.М., Тутельян О.Е., Кувшинников С.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цапалов А.А., Киселев С.М., Ковлер К.Л., Микляев П.С., Петрова Т.Б., Жуковский М.В., Ярмошенко И.В., Маренный А.М., Тутельян О.Е., Кувшинников С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsapalov A.A., Kiselev S.M., Kovler K.L., Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B., Zhukovsky M.V., Yarmoshenko I.V., Marennyy A.M., Tutelyan O.E., Kuvshinnikov S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/991">https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/991</self-uri><abstract><p>Влюбыхзданиях, включаянезаселенныесограниченнойвентиляцией, наблюдаютсязначительные временные вариации радона. Этот факт обусловливает серьезные затруднения в проведении радиационного контроля для оценки соответствия помещений требованиям норматива, который ограничивает среднее за год содержание радона в зданиях. Поэтому ни на национальном, ни на международном уровне до сих пор не решена проблема стандартизации контроля радона в зданиях, если продолжительность теста меньше 1 года. Анализ подходов к контролю радона, включая оценку эффективности регулирования, показывает весьма существенные отличия между практиками, сложившимися в разных странах. Например, в России в основном применяются мгновенные (не более 20 мин) измерения, а мероприятия по защите существующих зданий от радона практически не проводятся. В европейских странах, как правило, применяются долгосрочные (не менее 2 месяцев) измерения, а мероприятия по защите зданий от радона проводятся все еще относительно редко, за исключением Великобритании и Швеции. В США массово применяются краткосрочные (2–7 дней) измерения, которые не только проводят, но и оплачивают сами жители, включая мероприятия по защите зданий от радона. Однако, несмотря на сложившиеся подходы к контролю радона в зданиях в России и США, существует устойчивое недоверие среди специалистов к результатам краткосрочных и тем более мгновенных измерений. В этой связи предлагается компромиссный подход для стандартизации контроля радона на основе рационального критерия за счет применения таких фундаментальных концепций ISO/IEC, как «Неопределенность измерения» и «Оценка соответствия». Рациональный критерий оценки соответствия позволяет использовать измерения разной длительности, обеспечивая заданную надежность при принятии решения. Также предлагается обоснование оптимизации контроля радона в зданиях через участие не только специалистов, но и самого населения благодаря возможности внедрения простых методов и недорогих средств измерений радона в рамках рационального критерия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Significant temporal variations in radon are observed in any buildings, including unoccupied buildings with limited ventilation. This fact causes serious difficulties in radiation monitoring to assess the compliance of premises with the requirements of the normative, which limits the annual average level of radon in buildings. Therefore, neither at the national nor at the international level has yet been solved the problem of standardizing the indoor radon measurement if the test duration is less than a year. An analysis of approaches to radon measurement, including an assessment of the effectiveness of regulation, shows very significant differences between practices established in different countries. For example, in Russia, rapid (no more than 20 min) measurements are mainly used and mitigation measures to protect existing buildings from radon are practically not carried out. In European countries, mainly long-term (at least two months) measurements are used, while mitigation measures are still relatively rare, with the exception of the UK and Sweden. In the USA, short-term (2–7 days) measurements are widely used, which are not only carried out, but also paid for by residents themselves, including mitigation measures. However, despite the established approaches to indoor radon monitoring in Russia and the USA, there is a persistent distrust among specialists in the results of shortterm and, especially, rapid measurements. In this regard, a compromise approach is proposed to standardize radon measurements based on a rational criterion by applying fundamental ISO/IEC concepts such as “measurement uncertainty” and “conformity assessment”. The rational criterion for conformity assessment allows using measurements of different durations, providing a given reliability when making a decision. It also proposes a rationale for optimizing indoor radon monitoring through the participation of not only professional inspectors, but also the population itself due to the possibility of introducing simple methods and inexpensive radon devices within the rational criterion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радон</kwd><kwd>здания</kwd><kwd>временные вариации</kwd><kwd>нормативный уровень</kwd><kwd>стандартизация</kwd><kwd>неопределенность измерений</kwd><kwd>оценка соответствия</kwd><kwd>рациональный критерий</kwd><kwd>продолжительность измерений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radon</kwd><kwd>buildings</kwd><kwd>temporal variations</kwd><kwd>reference level</kwd><kwd>standardization</kwd><kwd>measurement uncertainty</kwd><kwd>conformity assessment</kwd><kwd>rational criterion</kwd><kwd>measurement duration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNSCEAR, 2008. 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