INTERNAL IRRADIATION CONTROL AFTER RADIATION ACCIDENTS ON SHIPS AND VESSELS WITH NUCLEAR POWER UNITS: TASKS AND HARDWARE-METHODICAL SUPPORT
https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-4-64-70
Abstract
In the case of radiation accident on a board of ships and vessels with nuclear power units, radioactive substances can be released into the environment and absorbed by the human body. The radioactive contamination is associated with a complex and rapidly disintegrating composition of radionuclides, which are products of nuclear fission and induced radioactivity. Therefore, the need for prompt post-accident control of internal exposure is justified. In the article, radiation accidents are classified in relation to ships and vessels with nuclear power units. As an example, one of the most severe accidents that occurred when nuclear fuel was transshipped on a nuclear-powered submarine in the Chazhma Bay in 1985 is considered. Methods for determining the incorporated radioactivity are described. Direct measurement of radionuclide content in a human body or an organ using human radiation spectrometers is shown to be the most accurate. The hardware-methodical support and the main measures for the postemergency individual control of the internal exposure of personnel of vessels with nuclear power plants are proposed.
About the Authors
V. B. Firsanov
The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vladimir B. Firsanov – Chief electronic engineer of the scientific-research laboratory of the spectrometry.
Akademika Lebedeva str., 4/2, St.Petersburg, 194044, Russia.
V. A. Tarita
The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Voldemar A. Tarita – MD, docent, head – leading scientist of the scientific-research laboratory of the spectrometry.
St. Petersburg.
D. V. Arefyeva
Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Darya V. Arefyeva – Scientist of the scientific-research test laboratory of the problems of the radiation safety.
St. Petersburg.
G. Ya. Bruk
Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Gennadiy Ya. Bruk – Head of the Internal Exposure Laboratory.
St. Petersburg.
V. A. Yakovlev
Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vyacheslav A. Yakovlev – Researcher, Internal Exposure Laboratory.
St. Petersburg.
References
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Review
For citations:
Firsanov V.B., Tarita V.A., Arefyeva D.V., Bruk G.Ya., Yakovlev V.A. INTERNAL IRRADIATION CONTROL AFTER RADIATION ACCIDENTS ON SHIPS AND VESSELS WITH NUCLEAR POWER UNITS: TASKS AND HARDWARE-METHODICAL SUPPORT. Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene. 2018;11(4):64-70. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-4-64-70
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