¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs contents have been studied in 44 samples of the marine biota including four species of brown and red algae (11 samples), four species of invertebrates (8 samples) and ten species of fish (25 samples). The samples have been collected in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and in the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan within the framework of the Russian monitoring program that started in 2011 to study environmental consequences of the accident at “Fukushima-1” NPP. In 2011–2012, total activity of both cesium radioisotopes for all the samples analyzed did not exceed 1 Bq kg–1 (wet weight). This value is negligible compared to the safe level of 130 Bq kg–1 (for 137Cs) for the fish consumption in Russia. 134Cs, a marker of the Fukushima-derived contamination, has been determined at a level of 0.2–0.4 Bq kg–1 (wet weight) for three samples of pacific saury (Cololabis saira) collected from areas near Shikotan Island in Sempember 2011 and 2012. The study shows that the Fukushima accident has no considerable impact on radiation conditions in the Kuril-Kamchatka region of the Northwest Pacific Ocean and in the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan.

The article analyzes the attitude of the population in the five regions of the Far East to the consequences of the accident at the Fukushimai nuclear power plant, as well as the issues of informing about the accident. The analysis of public opinion is based on the data obtained by anonymous questionnaire survey performed in November 2011. In spite of the rather active informing and objective information on the absence of the contamination, most of the population of the Russian Far East believes that radioactive contamination is presented in the areas of their residence, and the main cause of this contamination is the nuclear accident in Japan.

The results of evaluation of social-psychological consequences of radiation danger experience among different age groups of the population from contaminated areas of Russia (Oryol, Kaluga, Bryansk, Tula areas) among whom the unfavorable emotional and personal changes were registered due to subjective features of perception of radiation threat have been represented (“risk” group). Experimental sample of the research consisted of 1 544 people from Russia. One of the main results of this research is establishment of the fact that adverse emotional and personal changes in connection with subjective features of perception of radiation threat were revealed for 53,9% of respondents of advanced age and more than 20% of respondents of middle and young age from contaminated areas of Russia. Among the respondents from contaminated areas of Belarus, about a third surveyed from each age group get to “risk” group.

The analysis of internal exposure dose distribution of inhabitants of a settlement Kirov for 10-year period confirmed the hypothesis that each individual and also each family has its certain constant in time place at a dose distribution curve, i.e. the same percentile value of dose distribution corresponds to each of them. This regularity can be used as a basis of the methodological approach for reconstruction of individual exposure doses for any time period of the accident.

The article considers, on the basis of experimental data, the issue of assessing dose burdens to the skin basal layer in conditions of its permanent contamination with solutions of plutonium-239 and americium-241 and subsequent decontamination.

An article considers normative providing of the procedure of the exception of management of different types of artificial ionizing irradiation sources from the special regulation. The discrepancy is pointed out in the existing set of normative documents in mentioned area and the complexity of the university in the practical applying of these documents. It is pointed out that exception of management of ionizing irradiation sources from control and registration means the full exception from the special regulation and that the document that proves such exception is sanitary-epidemiological resolution. The attempt is made to suggest reasonable and uniform approach to the procedure of the exception of management of all types of artificial ionizing irradiation from registration and control and to the necessity of license registration with the account of demands of all valid normative documents.

A twenty-five year health follow-up of the affected population has shown that a properly structured State strategy on overcoming the consequences of disaster allow to maintain stable levels of morbidity and mortality. An important achievement in the system of medical help to the affected population is the organization of dynamic follow-up, as well as creating State Register of people exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident as a tool for solving scientific and practical problems. The results of scientific researches obtained in the SO “The Republican Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology” were the basis for one of the Council of Ministers Decree and two Decrees of the Ministry of Health. Significant changes have been made in the order of assigning the causation connection of disease (disability) and the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and objective criteria for the formation of high radiation risk groups.In a whole, the rate of oncological morbidity in the affected population remains at the average republican level, but for certain categories of the affected population, referred to groups of enhanced radiation risk, there has been detected the presence of excess morbidity of some forms of malignant neoplasms.

In the present overview we analyze the literary data concerning discharges of natural radionuclides into the environment due to functioning of the enterprises of non-nuclear industries. We consider their quantitative characteristics of discharges, the peculiarities of the formation of radionuclide composition of discharges from various industrial branches, the information about the population exposure doses due to these discharges, as well as the possibilities of standardization of the industrial discharges of natural radionuclides.