Data of researches of the consequences for health after the Chernobyl accident of 1986 are generalized. All these years all over the world and especially in our country the basic parameters were studied describing type and the reason of the accident, doses levels for various groups of persons and a condition of their physical and sincere health. Accumulation of the extensive information allows returning to the initial concepts which have arisen directly after the accident, to estimate critically reliability accepted at that time criteria and adequacy of measures for overcoming and minimization of the consequences of the accident for health. In a basis of an assessment of the exposure levels and possible consequences for health in early timeframes have been put the information on the capacity of doses scale-radiation on various distances from the damaged reactor both total activity and structure of emission of radioactive substances. Three basic groups of the persons involved in the emergency with a various combination of risk factors for their health are allocated: the personnel of emergency changes, participants of liquidation of the accident consequences, the population of emergency emission zones. Consequences for health for these groups and principles of the further supervision over them are estimated. The increase of leukemia among the reasons for death (5 of 21) attracts attention. The group of patients transferred acute radiation syndrome in connection with the Chernobyl accident differs for the reasons for death in the remote timeframes from participants of other radiating accidents. By retrospective consideration there is a question on a possibility of the insufficient account of toxic influences accompanying the exposure. Comparison of urgent decisions and the retrospective analysis of assessments during the early period of accident allow considering these early decisions adequate to volume of the information available during this period.

The paper presents characteristics  of the main sources of artificial exposure of electromagnetic fields on the population. Particular attention is drawn to the means of mobile telecommunication that became commonplace in the world, mobile and cordless (home) phones.

Due to nuclear weapon testing, nuclear reactor accidents, uranium mining and nuclear fuel reprocessing, additional uranium has been introduced into the environment. ²³⁶U isotope is produced from ²³⁵U by capture of a thermal neutron and it can be used as an indicator for artificial uranium in the environment. In this paper the sensitive method for²³⁶U determination in the surface air is described. This method includes a total dissolution of the air dust in a mixture of mineral acids, uranium concentration and purification by anion-exchange chromatography. Long time measurements of the separated uranium fraction are made with the use of alpha-spectrometer based on PIPS-detector. The lower limit of detection for ²³⁶U in the surface air is determined as 5 • 10^-9 Bq/m³ (2 ng/m³).

The article presents information about the main observation results of radiometric departments of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring for changes in the radiation situation on the territory of Russia following the accident at the Fukushima NPP. The obtained experimental data allowed to conclude that the volumetric activities of radionuclides in the near-the-ground  atmospheric layer were by 3 to 6 orders of magnitude below the permissible volumetric activity set by Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009), and the correction to the density of soil contamination by cesium-137 was by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than the decrease of the density of contamination with this isotope of the global origin due to radioactive decay.

In article is considered the experiment with incorporation of the solution of the mixed oxides of the depleted uranium to laboratory animals (the rats) and following the cytological study of the peripheral blood and marrow after influence. The changes of indicators of the peripheral blood and haemopoiesis of experimental animals are indicative of the effort processes of indemnification, that shows depleted uranium’s radioactive and toxicological effects and insolvency of natural protective mechanisms of the organism. The results of the research have shown that changes of the haemopoiesis were ambiguous. There was shown the oppression myeloid haemopoiesis and leukopenia to the third month of the experiment. In same time existed the increase an erythroid parts of hemopoiesis. The parameters of the peripheral blood and haemopoiesis to completion of the experiment did not reach checking importances that points to practicability of the long observation for animal after one-shot influence with DU.

The article describes activities of the Administration of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being in the Primorsky Krai on organization of works in conditions of the radiation accident at the Fukushima NPP directed at providing of radiation protection of the population of the region. It presents results of radiation situation monitoring that was implemented by the Federal Organization for Public Health “Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Krai”.

In article the problem of an adequate estimation of individual doses of the personnel exposure, caused by the combined action of artificial (professional) and natural factors, is discussed. Results and problems of measurement of a dose rate of external gamma radiation on the open air are shown at the use of professional dosimeters with various levels of the «zero background». It is shown that for the correct account of the natural background, an exception of incorrect conclusions at a radiation control, maintenance of unity of measurements at radiating control on open air, it is necessary to prepare new methodical instructions of the Federal or departmental level.

The article summarizes many years of experience of individual dosimetric control of the enterprise personnel working with the ionizing irradiation sources in the Perm Krai.