The article presents conceptually new requirements to the limitation of population exposure from natural ionizing sources in the industry conditions, introduced to the Main Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety -99/2010 (OSPORB-99/2010) in development of requirements of the Radiation Safety Norms-99/2009 (NRB-99/2009). It is shown that introduction of these requirements is, first of all, aimed at resolution of some existing earlier serious contradictions in the management of radiation safety control and supervision for the impact from natural ionizing sources to population in the utility conditions.

The results of subsystem of the Integrated System of Individual Dose Control (ESKID) functioning on the base of the Federal State Statistical Surveillance Form № 4-DOZ in 2001-2009, dynamics of the population exposure from natural ionizing sources dose control and accounting system as well as the software for the regional data banks introduction are considered in the article. The article presents exposure levels and doses from the natural ionizing sources for the population of certain regions and Russia as a whole, obtained by integration of all data presented in 2001-2009 in the framework of ESKID system.

The paper contains a brief summary on radiation situation in the region of the peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) «Crystal» and «Kraton-3» as well as original assessments of public attitude towards the PNEs and the countermeasures that had been done at the sites of these explosions in the past. Results of the public-opinion poll, which has been conducted in the settlements of Aikhal, Udachny, Malgajar, Zharkhan and Malykhay in 2010, are presented. For the data collection, specially designed anonymous questionnaire was used. Totally 144 adult respondents participated in the survey. About 19% of the respondents had visited the sites of PNE with different aims and in different periods. The majority (70-80%) of the respondents believes that the PNEs, which were carried out in Yakutia in the last century, are the main source of radioactive contamination in the area of their settlements. Only a half of the respondents consider that some countermeasures have been applied at the sites of these PNEs.

Infant mortality from the congenital abnormalities, malformations, deformations and chromosome aberrations in the regions affected by radioactive contamination due to Chernobyl accident for the period from 1997 to 2009 was investigated. Analysis included data from 14 regions of the Russian Federation. Composite index for the Russian Federation and Orenburg region was used as the control group.

It was determined that overall trend of child mortality reduction is typical for all investigated regions. Significant differences of this factor during the investigated period were not revealed. A certain mortality increase in Voronezh, Penza and Tula regions in 1997-1999 and 2002-2004 was established. Nevertheless, it is no realistic for the moment to consider radiation factor as a reason for increase of this factor.

The article presents the issues of radiation monitoring management, done by the Russian Federation subject territories for the assessment of population radiation safety conditions and filling the radiation hygienic passport of the territory. An algorithm of generalized assessment of the radiation monitoring done by the territories is proposed based on the considerations of the scope of measurements and necessity of getting of all foreseen by the territory radiation hygienic passport values. Comparative analysis of radiation monitoring according to the data from radiation hygienic passports dated by 2009 is done with the use of proposed algorithm. On the base of this assessment Russian Federation subject territories were selected, which radiation monitoring were considered as unsatisfactory and needs serious improvement.

The article presents analysis of radiation situation at the October railway. Main directions of radiation safety provisions on the railway, ways of its achievement are envisaged.

The article presents basic approaches to the radiation hygienic regulation in the field of radiation inspection installation management, used during development of Rospotrebnadzor regulatory and methodical documents, regulating this activity. Some problems arising from the development of technical equipment for this activity and needs for the broadening of its application area, including people personal inspection, are considered. Possible ways of solving of these problems, allowing for effective use of this equipment with the definitive provision of acceptable level of population and personnel radiation safety are proposed.

In article one of modern methods of preparation of experts in radiating hygiene - problem-oriented training is considered. This method gives knowledge in shorter terms and develops creative abilities trained to the independent decision of problems of professional character.

Results of the Institute of Radiation Hygiene educational activity during two and a half year since receiving a license are addressed in the article. Possibilities and approaches to the conduction of traditional and some unique training cycles are shown. Possible ways of educational activity enhancement are proposed.