The article contains an analysis of the experience of Rospotrebnadzor radiological units’ activities for  radiation  safety  provision  of  the  participators  and  guests  of  XXII  Winter  Olympic  Games  in  Sochi  and  also of Sochi city inhabitants as during the period of preparations for the Games so during the period of the Olympic and Paralympics Games. Peculiarities of organization of activities of Rospotrebnadzor specialists are considered for  the  preparation  period  and  main  period,  the  occurred  problems  of  technical  and  methodical  provision  of radiation control which was carried out for the purpose of counteraction to possible actions of radiation terrorism are considered as well. The role is noted of the specialists of Radiation Hygiene Institute in the methodical and organizational provision of the whole complex of carried-out activities.

The  article  describes  the  evolution  of  the  formation  of  the  conceptual  approaches  and  regulation documents for the population radiation protection the after the Chernobyl disaster in Belarus. Zoning scheme showing Belarus contamination is given as well as the dynamics of the quantity of settlements located in the contaminated areas, and population living in them. The methodology of regulation of radionuclides content in the foodstuffs is stated. The data on the population effective exposure doses changing is given for the post-accident period.

The possibility of the use of the different therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals labeled with one of the 19 β-γ-emitting radionuclides or 6 α-β-γ-emitting radionuclides in the outpatient regime was identified in the estimateinvestigations. A criterion for admissibility of outpatient regime is effective dose of individuals from the population who occasionally or permanently contact the patients after the radiopharmaceutical introduction. Basing on the dose limits established by the Radiation Safety Standard-99/2009, maximal allowable activities of the mentioned radionuclides were calculated for various geometries and exposure scenarios. It is shown that only patients taking radionuclide therapy courses with 111In and 131I have to be hospitalized even in the case of the most conservative exposure conditions.

Issues connected with the standardization of radiation protection indexes of natural mineral waters are considered in the article. It is shown that classification of natural mineral waters according to their intended use which is accepted in GOST R 54316-2011 is close to their classification in the EU countries. Justification is given of the approaches to standardization of natural radionuclides content in natural mineral waters. It is shown that it is more acceptable to use the values of interventional levels for individual radionuclides given in Radiation Safety Standard-99/2009 for this purpose in comparing with the values given in WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.

The content of radiocaesium was studied in 58 plant samples in 2 districts with only 12 (20,6%) exceeding the allowable level which equals 370 Bk/kg. In Vetka district the highest specific activity of caesium-137 (Bk/kg) was demonstrated by Equisetum arvense and Comarum palustre among the medium-sized euhydrophytes in  the  second  object,  which  3,7  and  5,2  times  exceeds  the  standard.   Ceratophyllum  demersum  has  the  highest accumulation coefficient. In Chechesk district medium-sized euhydrophytes Juncus effusus and Sium latifolium in the second object exceed the standard 7,8–2,2 times. Stratiotes aloides demonstrates the highest accumulation coefficient.

The results of the own long-term investigations of the authors and the data on investigations devoted to the issues of population informing about radiation and radiation protection published in an available Russian and foreign literature are analyzed. The objective and subjective factors that complicate the public awareness in the each stage of information are analyzed. Recommendations for optimizing the process of informing of the population are provided.

Natural radioactivity of underground water and particular qualities of industrial technologies for their use and/or processing cause the formation of wastes with enhanced content of natural radionuclides and the formation of the radiation factor in the sphere of production. The data is present on the radiation factor significance at  different  production  areas  in  metallurgy,  thermal  power  plants,  heat  power  engineering,  upon  production  of groundwater iodine.