Determination of morphometric characteristics of bone marrow and bone in order to create a high-resolution dosimetric model

   Osteogenic and hematopoietic stem cells can be exposed to radiation during cancer radiotherapy with radiopharmaceuticals due to adsorption of radionuclides into bones. Calculation of doses to normal radiosensitive cells is important for assessing the benefit/harm ratio. Therefore, the creation of a dosimetric model of bone and bone marrow, which takes into account the microdistribution of radionuclides and target cells, is an important task.

   Objective: an analytical review of the current state of knowledge about the
histomorphometric characteristics of the trabecular bone and adjacent areas of the bone marrow in order to create an anatomical and morphological basis for constructing a microdosimetric model for calculating doses to hematopoietic stem cells and osteoblasts.

   Materials and Methods: A search was conducted for published data on the structure and mineralization of bone tissue in the trabecular bone, the cellular composition of the bone marrow, the morphology and location of cells in its volume relative to the bone surface.

   Results and Discussion: Currently, the morphophysiological features of bone mineralization and the size of the corresponding structures are well studied. The surface of the trabeculae is covered with a layer of unmineralized bone matrix 1-5 microns thick, which is capable of rapidly adsorbing radionuclides. An adjacent layer of osteoblasts is about 1 micrometer thick. Data on the distribution of stem cells in the bone marrow volume is very limited. It is known that most of the stem cells are located within 200 micrometers from the surface of the trabeculae. The cell size is about 6-7 micrometers.

   Conclusion: Based on the existing knowledge about the structure of bone and the distribution of osteogenic and hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, it is planned to create a model consisting of the number of layers, including a source layer and target layers, describing osteogenic cells and hematopoietic stem cells at different distances from the bone.

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