Red bone marrow dose assessment due to oral intake of 89Sr

Bone-seeking[89] Sr ingested to the body of Techa river residents and accumulated in bone tissue. It’s led to active red bone marrow exposure. The aim of this study: to calculate the dose coefficients converting activity from oral intake to the cumulative absorbed dose in red bone marrow for adult men and women. Materials and Methods: The Sr-AG biokinetic model was used to estimate the isotope concentration in the source tissue. After that, the absorbed dose rates in the target tissue were evaluated using dosimetric phantoms described the geometry of media in which radiation transfer is simulated. The result of this modeling is the dose factors converting the specific activity of[89] Sr in bone to the absorbed dose rate in red bone marrow. The phantoms are made according to the original method of stochastic parametric skeleton dosimetry modeling. Their parameters are based on a large number of published measurement results of the characteristics of skeletal bones. The perturbation of these parameters makes it possible to simulate the individual variability of bone morphology to calculate the corresponding uncertainties. Results and Discussion: The dose factors for strontium incorporated in the trabecular bone was 2.33 × 10[-7] and 2.23 × 10[ -7] G/s per Bq/kg for male and female respectively. For the cortical bone dose factors were 0.74 and 0.78 ( × 10[ -7] G/s per Bq/kg) for male and female, respectively. The estimated dose coefficients range from 1.81-4.38 ( × 10[ -9] Gy/Bq) for male and 2.30-5.55 ( × 10[ -9] Gy/Bq) for female. The relative standard dose coefficients uncertainties did not exceed 40 %. Conclusion: The values calculated in the framework of this work can be used to reconstruct doses in order to improve radiogenic risk assessments for the exposed population of the Ural region, as well as the risks associated with the use of radiopharmaceuticals such as strontium chloride.

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2. Akleyev AV, Degteva MO. Radioecological consequences of radioactive releases due to weapons-grade plutonium production at the 'Mayak' facility in the Russian Federation.

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4. Tolstykh EI, Sharagin PA, Shishkina EA, Volchkova AY, Smith MA, Napier BA. Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: Anatomical-morphological basis and parameter evaluation. PLoS One. 2025.20(7): e0327156. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0327156.

5. Shagina NB, Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. Age and gender specific biokinetic model for strontium in humans. Journal of radiological protection: official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. 2015;35(1): 87-127. DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/87.

6. Shishkina EA, Zalyapin VI, Timofeev YuS, Degteva MO, Smith M, Napier BA. Parametric stochastic model of bone structures to be used in computational dosimetric phantoms of human skeleton. Radiation Applications. 2018.3: 133–337. DOI:10. 21175/RadJ.2018.02.022.

7. Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI, Shishkina EA, Sharagin PA, Zalyapin VI, Volchkova AYu, et al. Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: General approach and application to active marrow exposure from bone-seeking beta-particle emitters. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(10): e0257605. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257605.

8. ICRP. ICRP, 2024. Dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by members of the public: Part 1. ICRP Publication 158. Annals of the ICRP. 2025;53(4–5).

9. Shishkina EA, Sharagin PA, Tolstykh EI, Smith MA, Napier BA, Degteva MO. Uncertainty of stochastic parametric approach to bone marrow dosimetry of 89,90Sr. Heliyon. 2024;10(4): e26275. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26275.

10. Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Vorobiova MI, Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI, Akleyev AV. Contemporary Understanding of Radioactive Contamination of the Techa River in 1949-1956. Radiatsionnaya biologiya, radioecologiya = Radiation biology, radioecology. 2016.56(5): 523–534 (In Russian).

11. Akleyev AV, Degteva MO. Radioecological consequences of radioactive releases due to weapons-grade plutonium production at the 'Mayak' facility in the Russian Federation. Journal of radiological protection: official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. 2021.41(2). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abdfbb.

12. Tolstykh EI, Sharagin PA, Shishkina EA, Volchkova AY, Smith MA, Napier BA. Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: Anatomical-morphological basis and parameter evaluation. PLoS One. 2025.20(7): e0327156. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0327156.

13. Shagina NB, Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. Age and gender specific biokinetic model for strontium in humans. Journal of radiological protection: official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. 2015;35(1): 87-127. DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/87.

14. Shishkina EA, Zalyapin VI, Timofeev YuS, Degteva MO, Smith M, Napier BA. Parametric stochastic model of bone structures to be used in computational dosimetric phantoms of human skeleton. Radiation Applications. 2018.3: 133–337. DOI:10. 21175/RadJ.2018.02.022.

15. Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI, Shishkina EA, Sharagin PA, Zalyapin VI, Volchkova AYu, et al. Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: General approach and application to active marrow exposure from bone-seeking beta-particle emitters. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(10): e0257605. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257605.

16. ICRP. ICRP, 2024. Dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by members of the public: Part 1. ICRP Publication 158. Annals of the ICRP. 2025;53(4–5).

17. Shishkina EA, Sharagin PA, Tolstykh EI, Smith MA, Napier BA, Degteva MO. Uncertainty of stochastic parametric approach to bone marrow dosimetry of 89,90Sr. Heliyon. 2024;10(4): e26275. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26275.