The article contains chronology of activity on the Radiation Safety Standards (RSS-99/2009) development; analysis ofevents andfactors having major influence on the document structure and contents is done. Most valuable additions and amendments introduced into the RSS-99/2009 in comparison with RSS-99 are outlined.

The present work gives an analysis of the data on natural radionuclides content in drinking-water of Russian Federation groundwater supplies obtained in long-term investigations. On the basis of the mentioned analysis estimation of population internal exposure doses from the drinking-water consumption is carried out and optimal value for initial screening gross alpha activity concentration level is suggested.

 

The article addresses the issues of regulation system development for the population radiation protection due to the exposurefrom natural radiation. Justification of necessity of separate requirements introduction for population radiation protection from exposure due to natural and artificial radiation sources is done.

The article addresses issues of regulation of radionuclide content in the drinking water according to adult population. It is shown that setting of direct limits on the base of value of directly measured drinking water for radiation safety indicators - radionuclide specific activity will substantially simplify the control and supervision of the drinking water radiation safety without losses of the quality ofpopulation radiation protection.

The work is devoted to development of methods for patient dose estimation under intervention radiological examinations. As the controllable dosimetric values describing an irradiation of patients used an effective dose and maximal absorbed dose in skin as measures of risk occurrence of stochastic and deterministic effects, respectively. The values of technical parameters influencing on patients doses for various kinds of the intervention radiological examinations are collected and analyzed. The converision from measurable values during intervention radiological examinations to controllable dosimetric values are determined.

 

Ukraine legislation for the decision making after the Chernobyl accident is characterized. The brief description of two main methodological documents which regulate the requirements to the monitoring and calculation of annual passport and retrospective-prospective doses is given. The generalized results of the dosimetric passportization and retrospective-prospective doses reconstruction for 2161 settlements under annual passportization as well as the example of "settlement's dosimetric passport" are given.

The article briefly describes the procedure of reconstruction of integral iodine-131 fallouts using fragmentary data on iodine-131 fallouts in May-June 1986, as well as results of determination (in the late period after the accident) of iodine-129 concentration in the soil and values of integral fallouts of cesium-137 in the settlements of the Bryansk region of Russia. Results of estimation of integral iodine-131 fallouts (in the area of 32 soil sampling points) are presented in the table form. Regularities of ratio (¹³¹I/¹³⁷Cs)_II change in the integral radionuclide fallouts are being determined and values of integral iodine-131 fallouts are being estimatedfor the other settlements of the region with the known values of integral cesium-137 fallouts. It is shown that variability of the average for settlements values of integral iodine-131 fallouts is 70 times less then variability of corresponding integral cesium-137 fallouts.

The article is devoted to the investigation ofpeculiarities of the mental status structure of Chernobyl accident liquidators. Changes in the mental status revealed among them may be qualified as the micromegaly symptoms. Presumably it may be connected both directly with radiation exposure and high stress and anxiety level of liquidators. Early detection of changes in mental status and individual approach to the therapy program development, psychological correction and rehabilitation of liquidators has particular significance.

 

Perception of risk from ionizing radiation is the basis ofpsychic traumatizing during radiological accidents and incidents. Various approaches to the evaluation of this phenomenon and the results ofresearch done during the last twenty years are analyzed in the article. It is shown that cognitive representations ofrisk, emotional value attitude to the radiation hazard, motivation andpersonal attitudes, strategies and social and psychological resources of radiation threat processing and overcoming are presented and are in the complex interaction at the same time in this multi-component composition.

The author's investigations results are presented in comparing with literary materials concerning the application of principles and methods of ecological immunology for solving radioecological questions. The data on characteristic of immunity and health of human population affected with radiation factors of the environment is given as well as animals' population state as the links offood ecological chains.